Bacterial Cell Structure Flashcards

It is made of proteins within a phospholipid bilayer. There are no sterols except mycoplasmas. It contains cardiolipin.

It acts as a barrier against aqueous ions that allows gradients to control osmotic balance. It is involved in metabolite and nutrient transport and biosynthesis of lipids, polysaccharides, and peptidoglycan.

Peptidoglycan

<p>It is made of alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). The NAMs have a peptide tail that covalently links to other tails on other strands, forming a 3D multilayered net which is porous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It protects against osmotic lysis, provides shape, helps in chemical protection, and anchors important proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is unique to each bacteria and serves as a PAMP in the body, causing the induction of IL-1, IL-6, GCSF, and TNF-a. Specific fragments can serve as cytotoxin, and it can cause arthritis while also protecting the bacteria from the innate response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers of negatively charged sugars in Gram+ cells. Lipoteichoic Acids have a lipid anchor, both are anchored to different parts of the cell envelope, serving in autolysis protection and providing strength to the Peptidoglycan Layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Gram- cells, it provides asymmetry and contains a phospholipid inner leaflet and an LPS/LOS outer leaflet, containing many proteins including OMPs and outer membrane porins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a selective barrier impermeable to aqueous molecules, contains porins/transporters, protects against lysis, and has antigenic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can directly bind to TLR or have a LBP-mediated LPS transfer to CD14, causing the release of IL-1 and TNF, which can lead to septic shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a viscous solution of proteins and solutes that sits between the plasma membrane and the Outer Membrane/Peptidoglycan Layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect against osmotic lysis; it allows for the synthesis of peptidoglycan and various other functions such as nutrient binding, macromolecule degradation, detoxification, and housing chemotactic receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They make up the Capsule and Slime Layer, composed of long chains of sugar, also called Glycocalyx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule is an organized, cell-associated exopolysaccharide layer attached to phospholipid, while slime is disorganized and loosely associated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It protects bacteria against phagocytosis, helps reduce complement-mediated opsonization, aids in host mimicry, and can be a target for vaccines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is for adhesion to surfaces or cells and forms biofilms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These layers are made of protein and are a crystallized array made from single protein types, bound to either LPS or Peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide protection against enzymes, metals, complement, phagocytosis, and bacteriophages and can aid in adhesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short protein strands that cover the cell surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They function in adhesion, antiphagocytic action, and twitching motility.</p> Signup and view all the answers