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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of fimbriae in some bacteria?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in some bacteria?
- To serve as extensions for photosynthesis.
- To facilitate motility in aqueous environments.
- To aid in the attachment to rocks in streams and host tissues. (correct)
- To synthesize proteins for cellular functions.
In prokaryotic cells, what is the composition of ribosomes?
In prokaryotic cells, what is the composition of ribosomes?
- Consisting of 50S and 30S subunits that combine to form a 70S ribosome. (correct)
- Composed of a singular 80S subunit for mRNA translation.
- Formed by a membrane-bound structure containing reserved materials.
- Composed of a single 70S subunit facilitating protein synthesis.
What role do polyribosomes or polysomes play in prokaryotic cells?
What role do polyribosomes or polysomes play in prokaryotic cells?
- They translate mRNA into proteins by ribosomes attached to a single mRNA molecule. (correct)
- They store reserved materials like phosphate, cyanophycean, and glycogen granules.
- They act as extensions of the cell wall for motility.
- They increase the surface area of the plasma membrane for enzymatic reactions.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells?
In which type of cells would extensive compartmentalization of the cytoplasm through membrane-bound organelles be observed?
In which type of cells would extensive compartmentalization of the cytoplasm through membrane-bound organelles be observed?
Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the bacterial flagellum?
Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the bacterial flagellum?
What distinguishes pili from flagella in bacteria?
What distinguishes pili from flagella in bacteria?
What is the approximate size range of prokaryotic ribosomes?
What is the approximate size range of prokaryotic ribosomes?
What key feature differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What key feature differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is an example of reserve material stored in inclusion bodies within prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is an example of reserve material stored in inclusion bodies within prokaryotic cells?
How does the bacterial flagellum extend from the cell?
How does the bacterial flagellum extend from the cell?
What structures in prokaryotic cells contain pigments for photosynthesis?
What structures in prokaryotic cells contain pigments for photosynthesis?
Which of the following is a primary function of bacteria in relation to DNA replication?
Which of the following is a primary function of bacteria in relation to DNA replication?
If a bacterial cell is described as motile, what cellular structure would it likely possess?
If a bacterial cell is described as motile, what cellular structure would it likely possess?
What is the role of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the role of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which cellular components are exclusive to animal cells when compared to plant cells?
Which cellular components are exclusive to animal cells when compared to plant cells?
What is the primary structural difference that distinguishes fimbriae from flagella in bacteria?
What is the primary structural difference that distinguishes fimbriae from flagella in bacteria?
What is a key distinction between plant and animal cells in terms of cellular structures?
What is a key distinction between plant and animal cells in terms of cellular structures?
Which cellular function is directly supported by the increase in surface area of the plasma membrane in bacteria?
Which cellular function is directly supported by the increase in surface area of the plasma membrane in bacteria?
In eukaryotic cells, how is genetic material organized?
In eukaryotic cells, how is genetic material organized?
Flashcards
Flagella
Flagella
Extensions from the cell wall of bacteria that aid in movement. They are composed of a filament, hook, and basal body.
Pili and Fimbriae
Pili and Fimbriae
Surface structures on bacteria that do not play a role in motility. Pili are elongated tubular structures, while fimbriae are small, bristle-like fibers that aid in attachment.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Non-membrane bound organelles that are the site of protein synthesis.
Polyribosomes or polysome
Polyribosomes or polysome
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Inclusion Bodies
Inclusion Bodies
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Secretion processes
Secretion processes
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Study Notes
- Bacterial cells respire, undertake secretion processes, and increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content.
- Some prokaryotes like cyanobacteria have chromatophores, membranous extensions into the cytoplasm that contain pigments and perform photosynthesis.
- Bacterial cells can be motile or non-motile.
- Motile bacteria have thin filamentous extensions from their cell wall called flagella.
- Bacteria show a range in the number and arrangement of flagella.
- A bacterial flagellum has three parts: filament, hook, and basal body.
- The filament is the longest portion, extending from the cell surface to the outside.
- Pili and Fimbriae are surface structures of bacteria but do not play a role in motility.
- Pili are elongated tubular structures made of a special protein.
- Fimbriae are small, bristle-like fibers sprouting from the cell.
- Some bacteria use fimbriae to attach to rocks in streams and to host tissues.
Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies
- In prokaryotes, ribosomes associate with the plasma membrane of the cell.
- Prokaryotic ribosomes are about 15 nm by 20 nm in size.
- They consist of two subunits, 50S and 30S, which form a 70S ribosome when together.
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
- Several ribosomes attach to a single mRNA, forming a chain called polyribosomes or polysome.
- The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins, called translation.
- Inclusion bodies store reserve material in prokaryotic cells within the cytoplasm.
- Inclusion bodies are not bound by any membrane system and lie free in the cytoplasm.
- Examples of inclusion bodies are phosphate granules, cyanophycean granules, and glycogen granules.
- Gas vacuoles are present in blue-green, purple, and green photosynthetic bacteria.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotes include protists, plants, animals, and fungi.
- Eukaryotic cells have extensive compartmentalization of the cytoplasm via membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus with a nuclear envelope.
- Eukaryotic cells possess complex locomotory and cytoskeletal structures.
- Their genetic material is organized into chromosomes.
- Plant and animal cells differ, specifically, plant cells possess cell walls, plastids, and a large central vacuole.
- Animal cells have centrioles, which are absent in almost all plant cells.
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