Bacterial Cell Structure and Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of the division of Streptococcus pyogenes?

  • Binary fission
  • Fragmentation
  • Division in single plane (correct)
  • Division in multiple planes

    • What is the main function of the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria?

  • Protein synthesis
  • DNA replication
  • Cell wall formation
  • Nutrient processing and uptake (correct)

    • What is the location of the chromosome in bacteria?

  • Nucleoid (correct)
  • Cytoplasm
  • Plasma membrane
  • Periplasmic space

    • What is the characteristic of plasmids in bacteria?

    <p>Small, closed, circular DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls?

    <p>Maintaining cell shape and protecting against osmotic lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to bacteria and an important target for antibiotics?

    <p>Peptidoglycan structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of peptidoglycan strands?

    <p>Helical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cross-linking in peptidoglycan chains?

    <p>Adding strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between peptidoglycan chains in bacteria and Archaea?

    <p>Peptidoglycan is absent in Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peptides in peptidoglycan chains?

    <p>Cross-linking for strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the Gram-positive cell wall?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the O side chain of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

    <p>To extend out from the cell and interact with the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the S layer?

    <p>To protect from ion and pH fluctuations, osmotic stress, enzymes, and predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of flagella?

    <p>To facilitate motility and swarming behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of movement towards a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the thin, thread-like appendages that help bacteria attach to surfaces, host cells, and each other?

    <p>Fimbriae and pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which new flagellin molecules are transported through the hollow filament?

    <p>Type Three-like secretion system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the filament cap at the tip of the flagellum?

    <p>To facilitate flagellin self-assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex, dynamic community of microorganisms firmly attached to a surface with the aid of an extracellular polymeric substance matrix?

    <p>Biofilm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dormant, non-growing structure that contains a copy of the genome and is highly resistant to environmental stress?

    <p>Endospore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the cell wall in almost all bacteria?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the periplasmic space in typical Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>It is smaller or absent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the chromosome in bacteria?

    <p>The nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?

    <p>They are small, closed, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of peptidoglycan?

    <p>A mesh-like polymer of identical subunits forming long strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to bacteria and an important target for antibiotics?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cross-linking in peptidoglycan chains?

    <p>To increase the strength of the cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the division of Streptococcus pyogenes?

    <p>It results in pairs of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins in Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>The periplasmic space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of peptidoglycan strands?

    <p>Helical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>To exclude large toxic molecules and bacteriophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the Gram-positive cell wall?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the O side chain of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

    <p>To contribute to the negative charge on the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the S layer in bacterial cells?

    <p>To protect the cell from ion and pH fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which bacteria move towards a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fimbriae and pili in bacterial cells?

    <p>To promote adhesion to surfaces, host cells, and each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the capsule in bacterial cells?

    <p>To protect the cell from phagocytosis and desiccation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the O antigen of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

    <p>To contribute to the negative charge on the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lipid A of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

    <p>To embed in the outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the core polysaccharide of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

    <p>To extend out from the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

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