Bacterial Cell Structure and Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of the division of Streptococcus pyogenes?

  • Binary fission
  • Fragmentation
  • Division in single plane (correct)
  • Division in multiple planes

What is the main function of the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria?

  • Protein synthesis
  • DNA replication
  • Cell wall formation
  • Nutrient processing and uptake (correct)

What is the location of the chromosome in bacteria?

  • Nucleoid (correct)
  • Cytoplasm
  • Plasma membrane
  • Periplasmic space

What is the characteristic of plasmids in bacteria?

<p>Small, closed, circular DNA molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls?

<p>Maintaining cell shape and protecting against osmotic lysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique to bacteria and an important target for antibiotics?

<p>Peptidoglycan structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of peptidoglycan strands?

<p>Helical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cross-linking in peptidoglycan chains?

<p>Adding strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between peptidoglycan chains in bacteria and Archaea?

<p>Peptidoglycan is absent in Archaea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peptides in peptidoglycan chains?

<p>Cross-linking for strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the Gram-positive cell wall?

<p>Peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the O side chain of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

<p>To extend out from the cell and interact with the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the S layer?

<p>To protect from ion and pH fluctuations, osmotic stress, enzymes, and predation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella?

<p>To facilitate motility and swarming behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of movement towards a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent?

<p>Chemotaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the thin, thread-like appendages that help bacteria attach to surfaces, host cells, and each other?

<p>Fimbriae and pili (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which new flagellin molecules are transported through the hollow filament?

<p>Type Three-like secretion system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the filament cap at the tip of the flagellum?

<p>To facilitate flagellin self-assembly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex, dynamic community of microorganisms firmly attached to a surface with the aid of an extracellular polymeric substance matrix?

<p>Biofilm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dormant, non-growing structure that contains a copy of the genome and is highly resistant to environmental stress?

<p>Endospore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the cell wall in almost all bacteria?

<p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the periplasmic space in typical Gram-positive bacteria?

<p>It is smaller or absent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the chromosome in bacteria?

<p>The nucleoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?

<p>They are small, closed, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of peptidoglycan?

<p>A mesh-like polymer of identical subunits forming long strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique to bacteria and an important target for antibiotics?

<p>Peptidoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cross-linking in peptidoglycan chains?

<p>To increase the strength of the cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the division of Streptococcus pyogenes?

<p>It results in pairs of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins in Gram-negative bacteria?

<p>The periplasmic space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of peptidoglycan strands?

<p>Helical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?

<p>To exclude large toxic molecules and bacteriophage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the Gram-positive cell wall?

<p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the O side chain of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

<p>To contribute to the negative charge on the cell surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the S layer in bacterial cells?

<p>To protect the cell from ion and pH fluctuations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which bacteria move towards a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent?

<p>Chemotaxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fimbriae and pili in bacterial cells?

<p>To promote adhesion to surfaces, host cells, and each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capsule in bacterial cells?

<p>To protect the cell from phagocytosis and desiccation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the O antigen of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

<p>To contribute to the negative charge on the cell surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lipid A of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

<p>To embed in the outer membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the core polysaccharide of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

<p>To extend out from the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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