40 Questions
What is the characteristic of the division of Streptococcus pyogenes?
Division in single plane
What is the main function of the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria?
Nutrient processing and uptake
What is the location of the chromosome in bacteria?
Nucleoid
What is the characteristic of plasmids in bacteria?
Small, closed, circular DNA molecules
What is the function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls?
Maintaining cell shape and protecting against osmotic lysis
What is unique to bacteria and an important target for antibiotics?
Peptidoglycan structure
What is the shape of peptidoglycan strands?
Helical
What is the function of cross-linking in peptidoglycan chains?
Adding strength
What is the difference between peptidoglycan chains in bacteria and Archaea?
Peptidoglycan is absent in Archaea
What is the role of peptides in peptidoglycan chains?
Cross-linking for strength
What is the primary component of the Gram-positive cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
What is the function of the O side chain of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
To extend out from the cell and interact with the environment
What is the primary function of the S layer?
To protect from ion and pH fluctuations, osmotic stress, enzymes, and predation
What is the function of flagella?
To facilitate motility and swarming behavior
What is the process of movement towards a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent?
Chemotaxis
What are the thin, thread-like appendages that help bacteria attach to surfaces, host cells, and each other?
Fimbriae and pili
What is the process by which new flagellin molecules are transported through the hollow filament?
Type Three-like secretion system
What is the function of the filament cap at the tip of the flagellum?
To facilitate flagellin self-assembly
What is the complex, dynamic community of microorganisms firmly attached to a surface with the aid of an extracellular polymeric substance matrix?
Biofilm
What is the dormant, non-growing structure that contains a copy of the genome and is highly resistant to environmental stress?
Endospore
What is the primary component of the cell wall in almost all bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
What is the characteristic of the periplasmic space in typical Gram-positive bacteria?
It is smaller or absent
What is the location of the chromosome in bacteria?
The nucleoid
What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?
They are small, closed, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of chromosomes
What is the structure of peptidoglycan?
A mesh-like polymer of identical subunits forming long strands
What is unique to bacteria and an important target for antibiotics?
Peptidoglycan
What is the function of cross-linking in peptidoglycan chains?
To increase the strength of the cell wall
What is the characteristic of the division of Streptococcus pyogenes?
It results in pairs of cells
What is the location of hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins in Gram-negative bacteria?
The periplasmic space
What is the shape of peptidoglycan strands?
Helical
What is the primary function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
To exclude large toxic molecules and bacteriophage
What is the main component of the Gram-positive cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
What is the function of the O side chain of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
To contribute to the negative charge on the cell surface
What is the function of the S layer in bacterial cells?
To protect the cell from ion and pH fluctuations
What is the process by which bacteria move towards a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent?
Chemotaxis
What is the function of fimbriae and pili in bacterial cells?
To promote adhesion to surfaces, host cells, and each other
What is the function of the capsule in bacterial cells?
To protect the cell from phagocytosis and desiccation
What is the function of the O antigen of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
To contribute to the negative charge on the cell surface
What is the function of the lipid A of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
To embed in the outer membrane
What is the function of the core polysaccharide of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
To extend out from the cell
Test your knowledge of bacterial cell structure and components, including streptococcus phyogenes, periplasmic space, nucleoid, and plasmids. Learn about the characteristics and functions of these components and how they contribute to bacterial cell biology.
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