Microbiology Exam #2 Review

Which of the following best characterizes the initial symptoms of Bartonella henselae infection?

Syphilis is caused by which bacterium and what is its Gram stain?

A patient presents with condyloma latum and a diffuse rash including the palms and soles. Which stage of syphilis is most consistent with these findings?

What is the vector for Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Leptospirosis is transmitted to humans through contact with what?

Protozoa are characterized as which of the following?

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is commonly associated with what clinical presentation?

Giardia lamblia infections are often linked to which of the following?

Cryptosporidium infection is most common and severe in which patient population?

A sexually active woman presents with dysuria and a malodorous, greenish vaginal discharge. Which organism is most likely responsible?

A patient presents with pneumonia and is known to be HIV positive. Which of the following organisms is the most likely causative agent?

Malassezia furfur, a fungus, causes which skin condition?

Which populations are most susceptible to opportunistic infections caused by Candida albicans?

Histoplasma capsulatum is associated with which environmental factor?

Which fungal infection is especially prevalent in Arizona and among AIDS patients?

A patient presents with Q fever. Which of the following organisms is the causative agent?

Which of the following clinical manifestations is characteristic of secondary syphilis?

What is the primary mechanism by which Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, evades the host immune system?

Which of the following features distinguishes protozoa from bacteria?

A patient who recently traveled to Mexico presents with foul-smelling, fatty stools and reports an aversion to fatty foods. Which parasite is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

A young child presents with abdominal pain and persistent diarrhea after attending a daycare. This infection is most likely caused by which of the following?

Which of the following is the most likely route of transmission for Naegleria fowleri?

Pregnant women are advised to avoid cleaning cat litter boxes to prevent infection with which parasite?

Which of the following is the vector responsible for transmitting malaria?

Individuals with sickle cell trait have a degree of natural resistance to which parasitic disease?

The characteristic 'spaghetti and meatballs' appearance under microscopic examination is associated with which fungal infection?

Which of the following patient populations is most at risk for developing mucormycosis?

A patient presents with hemoptysis, night sweats, and a history of imprisonment. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Which characteristic is unique to Mycoplasma species, differentiating them from most other bacteria?

Granulomatous hepatitis and endocarditis, accompanied by a lack of rash, are characteristic of infections caused by which of the following organisms?

What is the primary characteristic of the rash associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection?

How does antigenic variation assist Borrelia burgdorferi in establishing a chronic infection?

Following ingestion of the protozoal cyst form, what transformation process occurs that allows the organism to become metabolically active and cause disease?

Which of the following mechanisms primarily contributes to the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica?

Why does Giardia lamblia infection lead to foul-smelling, fatty stools (steatorrhea)?

How does Naegleria fowleri typically gain access to the central nervous system?

What is the underlying mechanism that makes individuals with sickle cell trait less susceptible to malaria?

How does Malassezia furfur cause hypopigmentation in pityriasis versicolor?

Why are individuals with diabetes mellitus at a higher risk for developing mucormycosis?

Why is it difficult to culture Mycobacterium leprae in vitro?

What structural feature distinguishes Mycoplasma species from other bacteria?

A person is diagnosed with Q fever and does not have any rash. Considering the transmission, what is a likely source of infection?

What is the significance of 'spaghetti and meatballs' appearance observed in the skin scrapings under a microscope?

A patient with advanced HIV presents with a lung infection. Microscopic examination of lung fluid reveals cysts containing crescent-shaped organisms. Which organism is most likely responsible?

What links rose gardening to sporotrichosis?

What are the most common initial symptoms observed in individuals infected with Bartonella henselae?

During which stage of syphilis do condyloma latum and a rash on the palms and soles typically manifest?

Which of the following is a recognized late-stage complication of untreated syphilis?

What are Hutchinson's teeth and mulberry molars indicative of?

How does Borrelia burgdorferi typically enter the human body?

How does Borrelia burgdorferi employ antigenic variation to establish chronic infection?

Through which route is Leptospira typically transmitted to humans?

Which structural feature is characteristic of protozoa?

What morphological change occurs in protozoa after the cyst form enters the body?

What feature is characteristic of Entamoeba histolytica?

What is the most likely source of a Giardia lamblia infection?

Which of the following is the most common symptom of malaria?

How is Pneumocystis carinii (Pneumocystis jirovecii) typically acquired, and in what patient population does it most commonly cause pneumonia?

What is the typical microscopic appearance of Malassezia furfur in skin scrapings?

What underlying condition predisposes individuals to mucormycosis?