Bacterial and Fungal Diseases Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of injecting a small quantity of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body?

  • To reduce immune response
  • To cause disease
  • To stimulate antibody production (correct)
  • To provide nutrition

    • The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and chickenpox.

    False

    Name the white blood cells responsible for producing antibodies.

    B cells

    If a large proportion of the population is __________ to a pathogen, the spread of the pathogen is very much reduced.

    <p>immune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vaccination terms with their definitions:

    <p>Vaccination = Injecting a small quantity of pathogen into the body Antibodies = Proteins produced by white blood cells to destroy pathogens Immune = Having the ability to resist a particular pathogen MMR Vaccine = A vaccine protecting against measles, mumps, and rubella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Gonorrhoea?

    <p>Thick yellow or green discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salmonella can be transmitted through unhygienic food preparation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Rose black spot?

    <p>Fungicides or removing affected leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pathogens that cause _____ are protists.

    <p>malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diseases with their corresponding treatments:

    <p>Salmonella = Vaccination in poultry Gonorrhoea = Antibiotics Rose black spot = Fungicides Malaria = Preventing mosquito breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can malaria be effectively controlled?

    <p>Using mosquito nets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gonorrhoea can be treated effectively with penicillin in all cases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the life cycle does Plasmodium multiply in?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bacteria when they become resistant to an antibiotic?

    <p>They can reproduce rapidly due to lack of competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doctors should prescribe antibiotics for viral infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should people do when prescribed antibiotics?

    <p>Take the whole course.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disease that spreads widely through several countries is called a ______.

    <p>pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Epidemic = Disease that spreads widely through one country Pandemic = Disease that spreads through several countries Antibiotic resistance = When bacteria mutate and are no longer affected by antibiotics Antibiotic = Medication used to treat bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about pathogens is true?

    <p>Pathogens can cause infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All bacteria are pathogens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way in which viruses cause illness.

    <p>By invading cells and damaging tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pathogenic bacterium that produces toxins and can cause food poisoning is called __________.

    <p>E.coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Pathogen = Microorganism that can cause disease Virus = A small infectious agent that replicates inside living cells Bacteria = Single-celled organisms, some of which can be pathogenic Toxins = Poisonous substances produced by organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT used to disrupt the life cycle of a mosquito?

    <p>Using antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    White blood cells can kill viral pathogens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do white blood cells use to engulf and digest pathogens?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are effective against __________.

    <p>bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of white blood cell activity with its description:

    <p>Phagocytosis = Engulfing pathogens Antitoxins = Neutralizing toxins Antibody production = Attaching to specific pathogens Infection reduction = Decreasing severity of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used to prevent mosquito breeding?

    <p>Draining standing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria mutate and become resistant to an antibiotic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in developing antiviral drugs?

    <p>They may damage body's tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacterial Diseases

    • Salmonella food poisoning is transmitted through bacteria in contaminated food, especially when prepared in unsanitary conditions.
    • In the UK, vaccination of poultry against Salmonella helps reduce its transmission.
    • Symptoms of Salmonella infection include fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea.
    • Gonorrhoea is an STD characterized by thick yellow or green discharge and painful urination, caused by a bacterium.
    • Initially treatable with penicillin, many Gonorrhoea strains have developed antibiotic resistance.
    • Transmission occurs through sexual contact, and control measures include antibiotic treatment and barrier contraception methods.

    Fungal Diseases

    • Rose black spot, caused by a fungus, manifests as purple or black spots on leaves, leading to early leaf drop and reduced photosynthesis.
    • Spread by water or wind, it can be managed with fungicides and removal of infected leaves.

    Protist Diseases

    • Malaria is caused by protists, specifically Plasmodium, which have a life cycle involving mosquitoes.
    • Symptoms of malaria include recurrent fever, with the disease potentially being fatal.
    • Control methods include preventing mosquito breeding and using nets to avoid bites.

    Malaria Infection Cycle

    • Female mosquitoes acquire Plasmodium from infected humans.
    • Infected mosquitoes inject Plasmodium into another human's bloodstream, where it travels to the liver, multiplies, and then infects red blood cells.
    • Bursting of infected red blood cells releases more Plasmodium and toxins, leading to malaria symptoms.
    • Untreated individuals can experience severe illness or mortality.

    Vaccine Immunity

    • Widespread vaccination leads to a significant reduction in pathogen spread.
    • Vaccination involves introducing dead or inactive pathogens to stimulate antibody production in white blood cells.
    • Example: MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.

    Antibiotic Resistance

    • Bacteria can mutate and develop resistance to antibiotics, allowing resistant strains to proliferate.
    • The rise of resistant bacteria poses a challenge as they can reproduce rapidly without competition.
    • Strategies to combat resistance include prudent antibiotic prescription and completing prescribed courses to eliminate residual bacteria.

    Scientific Efforts

    • Researchers aim to develop new antibiotic classes and retain some antibiotics for emergency use.

    Epidemics and Pandemics

    • Epidemics are localized outbreaks of disease within one country, while pandemics spread across multiple countries.

    Pathogens

    • Pathogens are microorganisms causing infectious diseases, with harmful effects occurring when they enter the body in large quantities.
    • Not all bacteria are harmful; pathogenic strains can reproduce quickly and produce toxins.

    Viruses

    • Viruses are smaller than bacteria, and all are pathogens that damage host cells during replication.
    • Viral invasion involves entering a cell, using its machinery for reproduction, and causing cell damage upon exit.

    Mosquito Life Cycle Disruption

    • Control measures include draining stagnant water, using insecticides to eliminate adult mosquitoes, and oiling water sources to suffocate larvae.

    White Blood Cells

    • White blood cells defend against pathogens through phagocytosis, producing antitoxins, and generating specific antibodies.
    • Phagocytosis involves engulfing and digesting pathogens, while antibodies target specific bacteria for destruction.

    Drug Treatment for Diseases

    • Painkillers may relieve symptoms but do not kill pathogens; antibiotics effectively eliminate bacteria but are ineffective against viruses.
    • Developing antiviral drugs poses challenges due to potential damage to host tissues.
    • Targeting specific bacteria with appropriate antibiotics has decreased mortality from bacterial infections.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential information about bacterial, fungal, and protist diseases, including transmission methods, symptoms, and control measures. Topics include Salmonella food poisoning, Gonorrhoea, and Rose black spot. Test your knowledge and understanding of these medical conditions.

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