Bacterial and Eukaryotic Ribosomes Structure

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What is the function of the Peptidyl-transferase centre in ribosomes?

Match tRNAs to codons

Identify the start codon

Catalyze formation of peptide bonds (correct)

Facilitate complementary base pairing

Which RNA molecule is found in both bacterial and eukaryotic small ribosomal subunits?

18S rRNA

16S rRNA (correct)

5S rRNA

23S rRNA

In bacterial mRNA, what is the function of the Shine–Dalgarno sequence?

Separate translation segments

Facilitate complementary base pairing

Bind mRNA and identify the start codon (correct)

Catalyze formation of peptide bonds

What differentiates bacterial and eukaryotic translation initiation processes?

Positioning of the ribosome on the start codon Signup and view all the answers

In translation, what does the Decoding centre of ribosomes specifically do?

Match tRNAs to codons Signup and view all the answers

Which region of mRNA marks the boundaries of translation and contains the stop codon?

3' untranslated region (3' UTR) Signup and view all the answers

What is needed for initiation of translation in bacteria?

mRNA, small ribosomal subunit, large subunit, initiator tRNA, and initiation factor proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IF1 in the initiation of translation in bacteria?

To prevent the initiator tRNA from going into the incorrect site Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence base-pairs with the 16S rRNA to position the start codon correctly in bacteria?

Shine–Dalgarno sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the modified amino acid carried by the initiator tRNA during translation initiation in bacteria?

N-formylmethionine (fMet) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the 50S large subunit joins the 30S small subunit during translation initiation in bacteria?

The union of the two subunits with dissociation of initiation factors Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to guide the initiator tRNA into the P site during translation initiation in bacteria?

IF2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic mRNA?

Finding and positioning the start codon on the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What are some proteins involved in recognizing mRNA in eukaryotic translation initiation?

eIF4E, eIF4G, and PABP Signup and view all the answers

Which release factor recognizes all three stop codons in eukaryotes and archaea?

eRF1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of eIF1a during translation initiation in eukaryotes?

Blocking the A site on the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Why is the consensus Kozak sequence important in translation initiation?

Locates the correct start codon on mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotics block elongation step in protein synthesis?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a match is found during translation initiation?

Initiation factor dissociation Signup and view all the answers

In bacteria, which component recognizes stop codons UAG and UAA?

RF1 Signup and view all the answers

What does EF-G do during elongation phase of protein synthesis in bacteria?

Translocates the ribosome along mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What blocks translocation step in protein synthesis?

Cycloheximide Signup and view all the answers