Bacterial Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of plasmids in bacterial cells?

  • Identical to chromosomal DNA
  • Extrachromosomal DNA that can carry advantageous genes (correct)
  • Essential for bacterial growth
  • Found in all bacteria

What is the role of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

  • To store energy as lipid droplets
  • To serve as the site of protein synthesis
  • To aggregate DNA in a dense region (correct)
  • To function as a membrane-bound nucleus

What can plasmids contribute to the ability of bacteria to survive in hostile environments?

  • They can share genetic material through pilus connections (correct)
  • They replicate only under specific environmental conditions
  • They provide essential genes for metabolism
  • They serve as storage for waste products

Why is it stated that a bacterial cell cannot survive with only plasmids and no chromosome?

<p>Chromosomes provide the genetic blueprint essential for growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key difference between prokaryotic ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes?

<p>Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of different rRNA and protein compositions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

<p>To synthesize proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the capsule structure is correct?

<p>It can aid in bacterial adherence and protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes the chromosomal DNA in prokaryotic cells?

<p>It is a single circular chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in bacterial cells?

<p>Synthesize proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the sedimentation rates of ribosomes in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

<p>Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, while eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are inclusions in bacterial cells primarily composed of?

<p>Non-membrane bound granules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an endospore?

<p>A dormant, tough body capable of resisting extreme conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of magnetotactic bacteria?

<p>They contain iron oxide particles for navigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the process of sporulation in bacteria?

<p>Nutrient depletion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the composition of endospores?

<p>Genetic material, ribosomes, and enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial genera are known for producing endospores?

<p>Bacillus and Clostridium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates endospores from vegetative cells?

<p>Endospores are resistant to harsh conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of endospores compared to vegetative cells?

<p>Indefinite lifespan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what metabolic state are endospores found?

<p>Dormant and inactive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would likely lead to germination from an endospore?

<p>Increased nutrient availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major implication of endospores in infectious diseases?

<p>They contribute to bacterial survival in unfavorable conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Bacterial Anatomy

  • The bacterial cell is divided into internal structures and external structures
  • Internal structures include: nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, and inclusions
  • External structures include: cell envelope, flagella, pili, and capsules
  • The nucleoid contains DNA and is not membrane-bound
  • Plasmids are extrachromosomal pieces of DNA that are not essential for bacterial growth and metabolism
  • Plasmids can carry genes for antibiotic resistance, toxin production, and enzymes harmful to humans
  • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and have a different structure in bacteria than eukaryotes
  • Inclusions are non-membrane bound granules that store reserve materials
  • Magnetotactic bacteria use iron oxide for magnetotaxis (navigation using Earth's magnetic field)
  • Endospores are dormant, tough bodies produced by some bacteria
  • Endospores are resistant to heat, radiation, and disinfectants and are not a bacterial cell
  • Endospores contain genetic material, ribosomes, and enzymes needed for return to vegetative stage
  • The production of endospores (sporulation) occurs due to nutrient depletion
  • Endospores are found in bacteria like Bacillus and Clostridium, which are clinically significant
  • Endospores play a role in infectious diseases, since they can survive in harsh environments for extended periods
  • Bacillus and Clostridium are able to produce endospores
  • Bacillus and Clostridium can be found in soil, water, and food sources potentially causing infections such as tetanus, anthrax, botulism, and gas gangrene
  • The endospore stain is a differential stain to identify bacteria that produce endospores
  • Vegetative cells appear red, and endospores appear green

Endospore Characteristics

  • Metabolically active (Vegetative) - Yes; dormant (Endospore) - No
  • Reproduces (Vegetative) - Yes; doesn't reproduce (Endospore) - No
  • Resistant to heat, radiation and chemicals (Vegetative) - No; (Endospore) - Yes
  • Lifespan (Vegetative) - Normal; (Endospore) - Indefinite

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