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Questions and Answers
What term describes the inflammation of the entire digestive tract?
What term describes the inflammation of the entire digestive tract?
Which of the following is classified as a primary (frank) pathogen known for causing diarrheal diseases?
Which of the following is classified as a primary (frank) pathogen known for causing diarrheal diseases?
What characterizes dysentery?
What characterizes dysentery?
Which genera is NOT considered an opportunistic pathogen?
Which genera is NOT considered an opportunistic pathogen?
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What does enteric fever initially present as?
What does enteric fever initially present as?
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What is the most common source of salmonellosis in the U.S.?
What is the most common source of salmonellosis in the U.S.?
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What is the incubation period for salmonellosis?
What is the incubation period for salmonellosis?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with salmonellosis?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with salmonellosis?
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Which Salmonella species is primarily responsible for salmonellosis in humans?
Which Salmonella species is primarily responsible for salmonellosis in humans?
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How long do the symptoms of salmonellosis typically last?
How long do the symptoms of salmonellosis typically last?
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What is a common characteristic of Enterobacteriaceae?
What is a common characteristic of Enterobacteriaceae?
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Which of the following diseases is NOT commonly associated with Enterobacteriaceae?
Which of the following diseases is NOT commonly associated with Enterobacteriaceae?
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What type of antigens helps in the serological classification of Enterobacteriaceae?
What type of antigens helps in the serological classification of Enterobacteriaceae?
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Which biochemical test is crucial for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae?
Which biochemical test is crucial for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae?
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What is the typical environment where Enterobacteriaceae can be found?
What is the typical environment where Enterobacteriaceae can be found?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Enterobacteriaceae's relationship with the intestinal tract?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Enterobacteriaceae's relationship with the intestinal tract?
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Which characteristic is true of most Enterobacteriaceae regarding glucose?
Which characteristic is true of most Enterobacteriaceae regarding glucose?
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Which classification method utilizes aspects like the ability to colonize, adhere, and produce toxins?
Which classification method utilizes aspects like the ability to colonize, adhere, and produce toxins?
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What organism is responsible for causing typhoid fever?
What organism is responsible for causing typhoid fever?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with typhoid fever?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with typhoid fever?
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What is the primary target host cell for Salmonella typhi?
What is the primary target host cell for Salmonella typhi?
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How is typhoid fever primarily transmitted?
How is typhoid fever primarily transmitted?
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Which bacterium is responsible for causing bubonic and pneumonic plague?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing bubonic and pneumonic plague?
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What is a distinguishing feature of Yersinia enterocolitica?
What is a distinguishing feature of Yersinia enterocolitica?
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During what incubation period does typhoid fever typically manifest?
During what incubation period does typhoid fever typically manifest?
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What symptom indicates that Salmonella typhi bacteria have entered the bloodstream?
What symptom indicates that Salmonella typhi bacteria have entered the bloodstream?
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What is the primary role of Escherichia coli in the human intestinal tract?
What is the primary role of Escherichia coli in the human intestinal tract?
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Which strain of E. coli is mainly associated with traveler’s diarrhea?
Which strain of E. coli is mainly associated with traveler’s diarrhea?
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What symptom is NOT associated with Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)?
What symptom is NOT associated with Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)?
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What virulence factor contributes to E. coli's ability to adhere to host cells?
What virulence factor contributes to E. coli's ability to adhere to host cells?
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Which strain of E. coli is characterized by the production of verotoxins?
Which strain of E. coli is characterized by the production of verotoxins?
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What is the main symptom of dysentery caused by Shigella?
What is the main symptom of dysentery caused by Shigella?
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What is the infectious dose for Shigella to cause illness?
What is the infectious dose for Shigella to cause illness?
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Which of the following strains causes hemorrhagic colitis and potentially progresses to hemolytic uremic syndrome?
Which of the following strains causes hemorrhagic colitis and potentially progresses to hemolytic uremic syndrome?
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Which feature distinguishes E. coli from Shigella?
Which feature distinguishes E. coli from Shigella?
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What type of infection is primarily caused by Salmonella?
What type of infection is primarily caused by Salmonella?
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Which symptom is characteristic of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)?
Which symptom is characteristic of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)?
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What is a common feature of Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) infection?
What is a common feature of Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) infection?
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In which age group is childhood mortality significantly influenced by E. coli infections?
In which age group is childhood mortality significantly influenced by E. coli infections?
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What is the role of pili in E. coli infections?
What is the role of pili in E. coli infections?
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What is typically NOT a symptom of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)?
What is typically NOT a symptom of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)?
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What is the primary vector for Bubonic plague?
What is the primary vector for Bubonic plague?
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What condition is commonly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in immunocompromised patients?
What condition is commonly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in immunocompromised patients?
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Which of the following pathogens is known for producing AB toxins that can lead to severe dehydration?
Which of the following pathogens is known for producing AB toxins that can lead to severe dehydration?
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Which organism is associated with causing extraintestinal infections, such as UTIs and pneumonia?
Which organism is associated with causing extraintestinal infections, such as UTIs and pneumonia?
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What is a characteristic of Proteus mirabilis?
What is a characteristic of Proteus mirabilis?
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What typically causes the symptoms associated with Campylobacter jejuni infections?
What typically causes the symptoms associated with Campylobacter jejuni infections?
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What symptom is NOT typically associated with infections caused by Citrobacter species?
What symptom is NOT typically associated with infections caused by Citrobacter species?
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Which of the following was discovered as an opportunistic pathogen linked to nosocomial outbreaks?
Which of the following was discovered as an opportunistic pathogen linked to nosocomial outbreaks?
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How do bacteria within the Vibrio genus primarily exist in the environment?
How do bacteria within the Vibrio genus primarily exist in the environment?
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Which pathogen is most closely linked to rice water stool in diarrheal disease?
Which pathogen is most closely linked to rice water stool in diarrheal disease?
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What type of infections can Enterobacter species cause?
What type of infections can Enterobacter species cause?
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Which organism is known for its unique corkscrew motion?
Which organism is known for its unique corkscrew motion?
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What is a common consequence of untreated Vibrio cholerae infections?
What is a common consequence of untreated Vibrio cholerae infections?
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Study Notes
Bacteria Review
- Enterobacteriaceae are often referred to as "enterics," found in the digestive system. They are commonly associated with intestinal infections and are part of the normal flora in animal intestinal tracts. They're found in various environments like soil, water, plants, and more.
- Enterobacteriaceae are significant causative agents of enteric diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, and food poisoning. Biochemical tests are vital for identification, diagnosis, and treatment due to their similar characteristics.
- Gram-negative rods are a common characteristic of Enterobacteriaceae. They are typically catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, but some might show oxidase positivity in lab settings. Many are motile; some are not. They ferment glucose and produce acid end products and reduce nitrate to nitrite.
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Two ways of classification:
- Serological classification focuses on the ability to colonize, adhere, produce toxins, and invade; some possess plasmids. Identification is based on antigens. O antigen is heat stable/somatic. H antigen is flagellar/heat-labile. K antigen is capsular/heat-labile, and often forms capsules.
- Disease classification categorizes them based on primary and opportunistic pathogens. Primary pathogens often cause a range of diarrheal diseases in animals and humans, frequently impacting children. Opportunistic pathogens typically do not cause disease in their natural habitat but may pose a threat in new environments; causing extraintestinal infections.
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Escherichia coli (E. coli):
- A major species in Escherichia. It is an opportunistic and primary pathogen; frequently found in the normal flora of the human intestinal tract. It produces large amounts of vitamin K within the large intestine.
- Can cause urinary tract infections and kidney infections in humans but can also cause septicemia and meningitis in neonates. It is also associated with various diarrheal diseases depending on the strain. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration.
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC): A common cause of traveler's diarrhea. The infectious dose ranges from 1 million to 10 billion cells, affecting the small intestine.
- Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC): This E. coli is an opportunistic pathogen that causes dysentery, often resembling the symptoms associated with Shigella. It has an infectious dose ranging from 1 million to 100 million cells.
- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC): This type of E. coli is a known pathogen, and often causes severe diseases like hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), especially in children, characterized by bloody diarrhea and kidney damage. The infectious dose is between 1 million to 100 million cells.
- Shigella: A primary, invasive pathogen known for its infection outbreaks associated with diarrhea. Symptoms can include bloody diarrhea and serious complications like infections like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
- Salmonella: A frank pathogen that causes infections in humans through a variety of symptoms such as fever, cramps, and diarrhea.
- Yersinia: This bacterial species is known to cause infections like diarrhea and septicemia in humans, often impacting children.
- Citrobacter: This bacteria is known as an opportunistic pathogen, causing UTIs and infections in immunocompromised individuals.
- Enterobacter: Another opportunistic pathogen frequently implicated in infections such as UTIs, wound infections, septicemia and pneumonia if severe.
- Serratia: This opportunistic pathogen is linked with nosocomial outbreaks and has developed antibiotic resistance in some strains.
- Providencia: Is common in opportunistic infections, especially those seen in hospital settings and in those with compromised immune systems.
- Edwardsiella: An opportunistic pathogen often found in aquatic environments, that can cause digestive problems in humans.
- Vibrio: A gram-negative bacterium usually found in aquatic marine environments. It is frequently found causing issues for those that consume improperly treated water.
- Campylobacter: A frequent cause of food poisoning from consuming unpasteurized dairy products.
- Helicobacter: Known for being an opportunistic pathogen causing stomach ulcers.
Additional Notes
- Terms relating to disease, such as diarrhea; are included such as frequent watery stools.
- Numerous virulence factors and symptoms associated with various bacterial infections are described.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the Enterobacteriaceae family, their characteristics, and classification. You'll explore their role in intestinal infections, biochemical identification, and the significance of their serological classification. Test your knowledge on these important bacteria and their impact on health.
