BMS

Bacteria are prokaryotes. What does it mean? (Select one)

Bacteria can move. What is the name of the structure that moves them ? (Select one)

Examples of oral condition caused by bacteria are (select one or more):

The cell wall of gram negative bacteria produce endotoxins during cell lysis

The cell wall of gram negative bacteria produce endotoxins whilst the bacteria is replicating

What would you NOT expect to find in cell structure?

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is INCORRECT?

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is INCORRECT? (Select one):

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is INCORRECT?

Which of the following statements is false? (Select one)

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? (Select one)

Which organelle contains enzymes to digest foreign material? (Select one):

Which organelle is known as the power house of the cell? (select one)

Fungal microflora is present throughout the human body

The diversity of fungal presence varies from person to person but will remain the same for all sited on an individual

The structural forms of fungi are (select one or more)

The term commensal microflora refers to the pathogenic nature of micro-organisms to the host

The term dimorphic relates to the ability of fungi to: (select one)

Which of the following statements on fungi are true? (Select one or more)

Yeast is unlike bacteria in being (select one or more)

An example of a virus exhibiting viral latency is (select one)

Genetic material of a virus can be (select one or more)

Penetration occurs by the following (select one or more)

Select the correct order of replication of viruses (select one)

Viruses are predominantly made out of (select one):

Viruses can multiply by asexual and sexual reproduction

Why are viruses not classed as living organisms (select one):

In order to survive, pathogens require a source of nutrients, protection from harmful elements and (select one):

Some enveloped viruses use antigenic variation which makes it difficult for the immune system to recognise different strains of the virus. Which type of antigenic variation results in a major change in spike proteins due to gene reassortment ? (Select one)

Which pathogen type is always a member of the normal microbiota and only causes disease in an immunocompromised host? (Select one)

Which type of pathogen is an environmental microbe that is able to cause disease in an otherwise healthy individual? (Select one):

Virulence factors can be described as (select one):

What kind of virulence factors are proteases, nucleases, phospholipases and glycohydrolases? (Select one):

Which of these virulences factors act as adhesins? (Select one):

Which of these virulence factors assist in promoting colonization of the host? (Select one):

Which of these virulence factors enable damage to be caused to the host? (Select one):

Which virulence factor does Porphyromonas Gingivalis use which leads to disregulated immunity in the gingival tissues and breakdown of the structures around the teeth? (Select one):

The most abundant organisms on the human body are (select one):

What type of medicine kills bacteria? (Select one):

Connective tissue is made up of water, cells and extracellular matrix

Large fixed cells with irregular processes. They secrete non-rigid extracellular matrix, collagen and fibres. Which connective tissue cell is being described? (Select one):

The lamina propria of the oral mucosa is made up of which type of connective tissue? (Select one):

These fixed connective tissue cells contain granules of heparin and histamine. They play a key role in the inflammatory process of the immune system. Which connective tissue cell is being described? (Select one):

Which of the following are the most prevalent fibres in connective tissue? (Select one):

Which of the following is a function of the connective tissue? (Select one):

Which of the following is NOT a loose connective tissue? (Select one):

Which of the following is NOT a specialised connective tissue? (Select one):

Which type of cartilage can be found in the articular disc of the TMJ? (Select one):

Which type of connective tissue is found in ligaments and tendons? (Select one):

Which of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system? (Select one):

Which of the following form the walls of the digestive tract? (Select one or more):

Which of the following is NOT an activity of the digestive system? (Select one):

Which of the following statements about digestion ARE correct? (Select one or more):

Which of the following statements about the large intestine is INCORRECT? (Select one):

Which of the following statements about the liver is NOT correct? (Select one)

Which of the following statements about the salivary glands are true? (Select one or more):

Which of the following statements about the stomach is NOT correct? (Select one)

Which of the following statements on enzymes are TRUE? (select one or more):

In response to adrenaline heart rate and metabolic rate slow down

Insulin converts glycogen to glucose for energy

Insulin promotes the storage of glucose by increasing conversion of glucose as glycogen

Insulin reduced blood glucose levels

Insulin regulates blood glucose and other absorbed nutrients

Noradrenaline influences the diameter of blood vessels

The adrenal medulla secreted 2 hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline

The anterior pituitary gland secretes all the following hormones except (select one):

The endocrine system comprises a number of glands with ducts

The endocrine system is concerned with homeostasis

The fight or flight reflex is initiated in response to acute stress

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland via a duct

The pituitary and hypothalamus regulate the activity of most other endocrine glands

The pituitary gland and hypothalamus work together as a unit

Together the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work a system called Negative Feedback Regulation

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the thyroid gland? (Select one):

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect? (Select one)

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the function of glucocorticoids? (Select one):

Which of the following statements is incorrect? (Select one)

Atrial systole accounts for most of ventricular filling

Cardiac muscle fibres are uninucleate, striated, branched and contain intercalated discs

Cardiac muscle fibres are multinucleate, have an irregular arrangement of actin and myosin and are long and cylindrical

In the foetal circulation blood by-passes the lungs and passes from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen ovale

In this blood pressure reading 120/80mmHg, 80 represents the systolic blood pressure

The circulatory system does not include the pulmonary circulation

The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones to the cells of the body

The elastic layer in arteries allows them to

The inferior vena cava drains the upper half and limbs of the body

The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated type of blood to the heart

The wall of an artery is thicker that that of a vein because arteries (select one):

Venous return to the heart is assisted by the skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps

Which valves would be open during ventricular systole? (Select one)

Lymph is circulated by (select one or more):

Lymphatic capillaries are (select one)

Lymphatic contains lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course

Lymphatic have thinner walls than large veins

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue are associated with the (select one or more):

What happens in the lymph nodes as lymph flows through them (select one or more)

Which best describes a lymph node (select one)

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system (select one):

Which of the following is NOT part of the lymphatic system (select one):

A nerve impulse running TO the brain and CNS is known as

A nerve impulse running FROM the brain and CNS is known as

How long is the spinal cord? (Select one)

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? (Select one)

What are the key features of neurones? (Select one or more)

What is the largest part of the brain called? (Select one)

Which of the following are properties of neurones? (Select one or more)

Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium

Antidiuretic hormone decreases water reabsorption

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium

Parathormone raises blood calcium

The kidney contains 1-2 thousand nephrons

The urinary system is one of the excretory systems of the body

What does not take place in the glomerulus capsule as blood flows through it? (Select one)

Which of the following does glomerular filtrate NOT include? (Select one):

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys (select one):

Which of the following is NOT a part of the urinary system? (Select one):

Which of the following is not correct when describing a nephron? (Select one)

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in the formation of urine (select one)

What are the anatomical feature papillae and where are they found?

The tragus in the ear plays a part in directing the sounds into the inner ear

The Oflactory Receptors are located in the nasal cavity embedded in the olfactory bone

What are the cilia in the nasal cavity? Select one

What cranial nerve supplies the ear? (Select one):

What function does the pupil play in the eye? (Select one)

What is the importance of having tears? (Select one)

Where are the bitter taste receptors found? (Select one)

What 5 taste receptors are present in the mouth?

What are the four layers of the skin?

Where are the Olfactory Receptors located?

Branchial arches (select one)

Derivates of the ectoderm include (select one or more)

During embryology the blastocyst (select one):

Neural crest cells give rise to (select one):

Select the correct answer regarding the development of the tongue (select one):

This branchial arch does not give rise to any structures (select one):

The branchial arches innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) are (select one):

The derivates of these branchial arches are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) (select one):

The development of the face begins in (select one):

The development of the secondary palate (select one):

The face begins to form from which processes (select one):

The muscular derivates of these branchial arches are the muscles of facial expression (select one):

The philtrum forms (select one):

The three layers of the embryonic trilaminar disc are (select one):

Which branchial arches give rise to the mandible (select one):

Which branchial arches give rose to the palatine tonsils (select one):

Cleft palate is a developmental anomalies that results from (select one):

During childhood development, at age 4, environmental factors such as too much fluoride, can disrupt the amelogenesis process for permanent teeth.

Ameloblasts form conical projection called Tomes Processes during which of the following stages of amelogenesis (select one):

Differentiation of ameloblasts from pre-ameloblasts takes place in which of the following stages of tooth development (select one)

Enamel, gingiva and the skin are direct derivatives of the ectoderm.

During amelogenesis which cellular layer of the enamel organ collapses to allow for space for the ameloblasts (select one):

During fetal development, amelogenesis for all primary teeth is completed before birth.

During odontogenesis, the dental sac gives rise to: (select one)

Cleft palate develops when there is a failure of fusion of which structure? (Select one)

Odontogenesis starts with the following cellular layers at its initiation stage (select one):

Select the single best answer: (select one)

Select the single best answer (select one):

The 2 stages of amelogenesis and dentinogenesis can be described as (select one):

The origin of the dento-gingival junction is the (select one):

The lifecycle of the ameloblast is (select one):

The long junctional epithelium originates from: (select one)

The morphology of the tooth crown starts to be determined at which stage of development (select one):

The prevalence of cleft lip and palate in the UK is approximately 1 in 700 births

The lifecycle of the odontoblast (select one):

Which branchial arches do the facial muscles derive from? (Select one)

Which branchial arches do the muscles of mastication derive from? (Select one)

Which cellular layer of the enamel organ shrinks during amelogenesis to allow for space for the ameloblasts? (Select one)

Which statement best describes the development of the secondary palate? (Select one)

Which two cellular layers are present at the dental lamina stage of tooth development (select one)

Which branchial arches does the trigeminal nerve derive from? (Select one)

Which stage of tooth development is the morphology of the tooth of the tooth crown determined? (Select one):

List the four types of hypersensitivity (select one or more)

What type of hypersensitivity is penicillin allergy an example of? (Select one)

The dental nurse you work with eventually develops sore cracked skin on her hands after wearing gloves in the dental surgery . What type of hypersensitivity is this? (Select one):

Which of these is an autoimmune disease? (Select one or more):

What happens to the immune system in autoimmune disease (pick the best answer)?

Autoimmune diseases strike which group most often? (Select one)

Which of these autoimmune diseases is NOT treated with immunosuppressants? (Select one)

The skin, joints and kidney can be affected by autoimmune diseases

Tissue that covers a body surface and lines a body cavity, forms parts of most glands is known as what?

What three features are used to classify epithelia?

What shapes of epithelial cells are found on the surface of epithelia?

Increase the apical surface area in cells - absorption (eg intestinal cells)?

Longer than microvilli, sweeping motions - movement of substance (e.g. cells lining the upper respiratory tract moves mucus upwards in the respiratory tract)?

Layers of the intermediate filament protein keratin, protection from abrasion and water loss (skin)?

Secretion - secrete mucus onto the apical surface (eg. Digestive tract and glands)?

What are the two specialized forms of epithelia? (select one or more)

What separates an epithelium from the underlying connective tissue? (select one)

In observing epithelial cells under a miscroscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?

Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? (Select one)

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? (Select one)

What are the 6 functions of epithelium? (Select one)

What are the 5 characteristics of epithelium (select one or more)

What epithelium lines the Oral Cavity?

What epithelium covers the hard palate and the tongue and the external surface of the gingiva?

What epithelium is found within salivary glands?

What membrane is found inside the oral cavity and where is its lubricant formed?

What is meant by the term Osteomyelitis? (Select one)

What is an osteoblast?

How many red blood cells are produced int he bone marrow every second? (Select one)

Which of the following statements is correct? (Select one)

Which of the following is not a function of bone? (Select one)

Which type of cartilage would be found at the TMJ? (Select one)

In adulthood, how many bones should we have? (Select one)

Which term is not a part of bone development? (Select one)

Elastic cartilage can be found in? (Select one0:

Which of the following is a flat bone? (Select one)

Which of the following is not a type of bone? (Select one)

What do the letters ATP stands for? (Select one)

In health what is the normal temperature range? (Select one)

How many times a muscle can be stretched without rupturing? (Select one)

The ability for a muscle to be stretched (select one)

Ability of a muscle to forcefully shorten

Muscle: The ability to respond to a stimulus (select one)

The ability for the muscle to recoil or bounce back to its original length after being stretched? (Select one)

The most abundant organisms on the human body are (select one)

Which of the following is not a function of the liver? (Select one)

Haemochromatosis can cause liver damage:

Hepatitis A can be transmitted via the faecal-oral route

Hepatitis B is not detectable in saliva

The approximate percentage of people who go onto become chronic Hepatitis carrier is (select one)

At what time intervals is the Hepatitis B vaccine administrated? (Select one)

Which of the following is not normally a sign or symptom of Liver Cirrhosis? (Select one):

Which of the following statement is incorrect in relation to the management of patients with liver disease? (Select one)

The liver can repair itself and regenerate from as little as 25%

Sialosis can be seen in patient suffering from Liver Cirrhosis