Bacteria Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of colony morphology is observed in Ashdown BAP medium?

  • Round and yellow colonies
  • Wrinkled and earthy order colonies (correct)
  • Smooth and white colonies
  • Flat and translucent colonies

What is a significant risk factor for infection with the organism associated with Ashdown BAP?

  • Office workers
  • Tourists and construction workers (correct)
  • Students studying abroad
  • Healthcare professionals

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with the organism identified in Ashdown medium?

  • Melioidosis
  • Scarlet fever (correct)
  • Febrile respiratory illness
  • Glanders

How is the organism involved in the diseases associated with Ashdown transmitted?

<p>Direct contact or aerosols (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the metabolic characteristic of the organism in relation to glucose?

<p>It does not ferment glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the organism commonly found in the environment?

<p>In water sources and soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria are characterized as coccobacilli?

<p>Short, oval-shaped bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a major health concern associated with the organism observed in Ashdown BAP?

<p>Pneumonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does NOT correctly describe the organism isolated from Ashdown medium?

<p>It is often found in unsealed drinks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of laboratory identification for the organism from Ashdown medium?

<p>Direct microscopy of the sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms does B. mallei belong to?

<p>Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agar is used to observe the cultural characteristics of B. mallei?

<p>MacConkey Agar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected result of the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test for B. mallei?

<p>K/K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is B. mallei commonly found in its natural habitat?

<p>Water and respiratory equipment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of B. mallei in terms of motility?

<p>Non-motile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms is NOT commonly associated with B. mallei?

<p>Staphylococcus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT apply to B. mallei?

<p>Ferments lactose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests would most likely show a K/K result for B. mallei?

<p>Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is specifically pathogenic for premature infants?

<p>A. calcoaceticus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common association of maltophilia?

<p>Neonatal meningitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of media is reduced nitrite used for?

<p>Bacterial culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is associated with nosocomial outbreaks traced to breast milk?

<p>A. baumannii complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about A. lwoffii?

<p>It is found in specialized hospital environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is known to cause epidemics in nurseries?

<p>A. calcoaceticus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of B. cepacia?

<p>It requires specialized media for growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment is associated with maltophilia?

<p>Hospital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are commonly associated with Burkholderia cepacia?

<p>Endocarditis and urinary tract infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does Burkholderia cepacia exhibit?

<p>Strong yellow pigment production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive oxidase test indicate regarding Alcaligenes faecalis?

<p>It produces certain enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pigmentation is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>Bluish/greenish pigmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infections are primarily associated with Stenotrophomonas?

<p>Respiratory infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of media shows the characteristics of Alcaligenes faecalis?

<p>Blood agar with a fruity odor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is characterized as asaccharolytic?

<p>Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates Acinetobacter from other bacteria?

<p>It exhibits glucose oxidation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is commonly caused by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?

<p>Meningitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable environmental habitat for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

<p>Wet surfaces in hospitals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial characteristic is indicative of Burkholderia cepacia's motility?

<p>Motile with flagella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is known for a characteristic fruity odor?

<p>Alcaligenes faecalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common illness associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>Pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pigment does Acinetobacter produce?

<p>No significant pigmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a leading cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infections?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of patients are particularly at risk of developing pneumonia from Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>Patients with cystic fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate associated with infections from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in long-term care patients?

<p>55% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic class does NOT show efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>Macrolides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medium is known to differentiate between Neisseria species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>MacConkey Agar (MAC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa when grown on MacConkey Agar?

<p>It does not grow on this medium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these infections is generally NOT associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>Gonorrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug users are at higher risk for infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>Intravenous drug users (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common disease caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

<p>Chlamydia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in long-term care patients?

<p>Pneumonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What appearance is described that resembles alligator skin?

<p>Grapelike (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic indicates a strong metabolic process involving carbohydrates?

<p>Oxidizes carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of antibiotic resistance, what is the characteristic mentioned?

<p>Inherently resistant to most antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is associated with pyocyanin production?

<p>Blue-green (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the catalase reaction result for the described organism?

<p>Catalase positive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a lavender/slight yellow color in biochemical testing?

<p>Maltose fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lactose fermentation status mentioned?

<p>Lactose negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape is associated with the organism's cellular structure?

<p>Diplococci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biochemical characteristic does indole production signify?

<p>Presence of tryptophanase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes the organism as nonmotile?

<p>Lack of flagella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DNase positive indicate about the organism?

<p>Ability to degrade nucleic acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with the blue color observed in certain media?

<p>Pyocyanin production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive lysine decarboxylase test suggest?

<p>Formation of cadaverine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic describes the odor produced by the organism?

<p>Ammonia odor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ashdown BAP

A type of bacterial growth medium used for identifying bacteria, specifically showing bacteria that do not ferment glucose.

Non-fermentative bacteria

Bacteria that do not use sugar (glucose) for energy.

Wrinkled colony

A characteristic bacterial growth pattern on the Ashdown BAP medium, presenting a bumpy, uneven appearance.

Supplemented with colistin

The medium includes the antibiotic colistin to help suppress the growth of common bacteria types.

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Earthy oder

A noticeable scent that some bacteria growing on a medium produce. This characteristic helps in identification.

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Coccobacillus

A bacterial shape resembling a short rod or a slightly elongated sphere.

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Melioidosis

A serious infectious disease caused by bacteria, often affecting the lungs and other organs.

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Risk groups

Categories of people, such as military personnel, travelers, or construction workers, with a greater chance of contracting specific bacterial diseases.

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Transmission: Direct contact

The spreading of a disease through physical touching or exchange between individuals.

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Transmission: Aerosols

The transfer of disease through airborne particles.

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Water & soil sources

Potential locations where the bacteria are found in.

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B. mallei

A Gram-negative bacterium, causing glanders.

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B. pseudomallei

A Gram-negative bacterium, causing melioidosis

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MacConkey Agar

A culture medium used to differentiate Gram-negative bacteria based on their ability to ferment lactose

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TSI Agar

A medium for identification of bacteria based on carbohydrate fermentation and sulfur reduction

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Clear colonies

Colonies that appear without colour on agar plates such as MacConkey

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K/K result (TSI)

A result in Triple Sugar Iron test indicating no carbohydrate fermentation or H2S production

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Nonmotile

Organism cannot move due to lack of flagella or other motility mechanisms

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GNB non-fermenters

Gram-negative bacteria that do not ferment carbohydrates

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Habitat (bacteria)

Characteristic or typical environment where a microorganism thrives

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Maltophilia in hospitals

Maltophilia is a type of bacteria frequently found in hospital environments.

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Specialized media

Specific growth mediums are designed to help identify certain types of bacteria.

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Reduced nitrite/nitrate

Certain bacteria don't use nitrite or nitrate in their growth.

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Premature infants risk

Maltophilia can be harmful to premature infants.

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Neonatal meningitis link

Maltophilia is linked to neonatal meningitis in some cases.

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Nosocomial outbreaks

Maltophilia can cause widespread infections within hospitals.

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Breast milk link

Maltophilia outbreaks have been connected to breast milk in some instances.

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A. calcoaceticus/ A. lwoffii/ B. cepacia/ P. baumannii complex

These are names of bacteria types frequently found in hospital settings.

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Cepacia TSI

Strong yellow pigment; motile; associated with infections like endocarditis and urinary tract infections (UTIs), dermatitis, wounds, and cystic fibrosis (CF).

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OFPBL resistance

Resistance to penicillin in bacterial species

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Burkholderia oxidase

A type of bacterium, often associated with infections, especially in CF patients.

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Mortality rate (PC)

Death rate of 55% or higher

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Selective agar

Agar that encourages growth of certain bacteria while inhibiting others

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Alcaligenes BAP

Bacteria; often found in mixed cultures; BAP characteristics: bluish-greenish yellow pigmentation.

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Acinetobacter Lysine Decarboxylase

Some Acinetobacter are normal flora, may be part of hospital environments; typically asaccharolytic; sometimes lysine decarboxylase-positive.

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cepacia (PC)

A bacterium that can cause pneumonia

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Beta-lactams

A class of antibiotics that include penicillin

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Elizabethkingia BAP characteristics

Thin, spreading, irregular edge colony morphology; has a fruity odor (green apples), and catalase-positive.

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Respiratory tract infections (nosocomial)

Infections of the lungs/breathing system that start in a hospital

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa BAP

Associated with a wide range of diseases (UTIs, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, wounds, burns, eye infections); characteristic greenish discoloration; lysine decarboxylase-positive.

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Stenotrophomonas Glucose-oxidizing?

Found in water systems and wet surfaces in hospitals; may exhibit a glucose-oxidizing property.

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Cystric fibrosis patients (risk group)

People with genetic conditions that make them vulnerable to lung infections

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BAP

Bacterial growth medium

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Flavobacterium shape

Characteristic shape affecting the appearance in BAP cultures; also associated with several diseases.

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MAC

Bacterial growth medium that supports growth of lactose fermenters

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Yellow pigmented colonies

Bacterial colonies that produce a yellow colour

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Lactose non-fermenters

Bacteria that do not break down lactose

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Grape-like appearance

Describes the clustering pattern of certain bacteria when grown on a culture.

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Blood agar

A type of culture medium that contains blood, used to observe bacterial hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells).

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Nonmotile

Bacteria that do not have the ability to move on their own.

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Indole positive

A bacterial test result indicating the bacteria can produce indole.

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Catalase positive

A bacterial test result indicating the bacteria can produce catalase.

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Oxidizes carbohydrates

A bacterial process of breaking down carbohydrates to produce energy.

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Lysine Decarboxylase Negative

Indicates bacteria do not decarboxylate Lysine.

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Lactose fermentation negative

Indicates the bacteria cannot ferment lactose.

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Blue color from pyocyanin

A bacteria produces a blue/green pigment, pyocyanin.

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Strong maltose utilization

Bacteria efficiently use maltose for energy.

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DNase positive

A bacteria tests positive for DNase.

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Study Notes

Bacteria Classification

  • Bacteria are classified based on various factors, including motility, colony morphology, and biochemical reactions.
  • Motile bacteria can move; nonmotile bacteria cannot.
  • Colony morphology refers to the visual appearance of bacterial colonies on agar plates. Characteristics include color, texture, size.
  • Biochemical reactions are used to identify specific bacteria. Examples include glucose fermentation, oxidase test, and others.

Bacterial Genera

  • Burkholderia Some species are non-motile and have specific colony colors/shapes. Others are motile and have specific colony colors/shapes.
  • Alcaligenes faecalis is a category of bacteria and is found in water.
  • Pseudomonas include aeruginosa which can be found in hospital environments and often exhibit antimicrobial resistance. This species, among others, causes nosocomial respiratory infections. aeruginosa can have various colony colors.
  • Acinetobacter is sometimes a normal flora (common in the body), often found in hospital environments. They exhibit different colony shapes on different cultures.
  • Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is found in water systems/hospital equipment and associated with neonatal meningitis (infants).
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is found in the environment or respiratory tracts of long-term care patients. It has connections to pneumonia, endocarditis, and other diseases.
  • A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex is resistant to penicillin.
  • A. Iwoffii has other resistance attributes.

Bacterial Identification and Culture Methods

  • Bacterial culture involves growing bacteria on agar plates to observe their characteristics.
  • BAP (Blood Agar Plate) and MAC (MacConkey Agar) are common culture mediums.

Diseases and Transmission

  • Certain bacteria can transmit disease either through direct contact or aerosols.
  • Bacterial infections can cause various diseases, including endocarditis, UTIs, dermatitis, wounds, pneumonia, and septicemia.
  • Certain species are linked to specific diseases; and cause infections in specific patient groups (eg. cystic fibrosis patients)

Other Relevant Data

  • Characteristics like oxidase, catalase, and carbohydrate fermentation tests are crucial in separating these bacterial types.
  • Many bacteria have specific habitats; indicating potential locations and origin/entry points.
  • Some bacterial infections have high mortality rates.

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