30 Questions
Which field of microbiology specifically focuses on the study of viruses?
Virology
What is the characteristic shape of bacteria?
Spherical
Which type of microorganism uses pseudopods, flagella, or cilia for locomotion?
Protozoa
What distinguishes archaea from bacteria?
Cell wall composition
Which microorganism is capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction?
Algae
Which field of microbiology is primarily focused on the immune system?
Immunology
Who was the first person to observe live microorganisms and describe them as 'animalcules'?
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Which scientist is credited with the discovery that all living things are made of cells?
Robert Hooke
Who were opponents of the idea of spontaneous generation, and demonstrated that a 'vital force' in the air is responsible for the survival of microorganisms?
Francesco Redi, John Needham, and Lazzaro Spallanzani
Which theory challenged the idea of spontaneous generation by proposing that life only arises from pre-existing life?
Theory of Biogenesis
What is the term used to describe the presence of organisms outside the body on water, food, and other biological substances?
Contamination
'Little boxes' or 'cells' as named by Robert Hooke formed the basis of which scientific theory?
Cell Theory
What are the three categories that bacteria are organized into based on their structures?
Internal Structures, Cell Envelope, External Structures
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular structure in bacteria?
Cell Membrane
What is the main component of the gel-like matrix in bacterial cytoplasm?
Enzymes
Which structure is responsible for excluding genetic material from the cytoplasm in bacteria?
Cell Membrane
What is the function of storage granules in bacterial cytoplasm?
Genetic Material Storage
Which external structure of bacteria is involved in movement?
Flagella
What is the main purpose of antiseptics?
To prevent the growth of microorganisms that could cause infections
What is a common challenge in the selection of disinfectants?
Their effectiveness against specific groups of microbes
What does the label on a disinfectant usually indicate?
The group of microbes it is effective against
What distinguishes antiseptics from disinfectants?
Their application area
Why might organic material present on an object interfere with the action of a disinfectant?
Prevent proper contact between the disinfectant and microorganisms
In what situation might an antiseptic be used as a sanitizer?
For hand cleaning when washing hands is not possible
What is the primary mechanism of action of moist heat in killing microorganisms?
Protein denaturation
At what temperature and pressure does autoclaving effectively kill all vegetative cells and their endospores?
121°C at 15 psi
What is the purpose of pasteurization in food processing?
To kill spoilage-causing microorganisms without affecting taste
Which type of filters are commonly used in pasteurization processes?
Cellulose or nitrocellulose
What is the purpose of using boiling or flowing steam in microbiology?
To kill vegetative bacteria, fungal pathogens, and most viruses
Which type of equipment is preferred for the use of moist heat sterilization?
Dishes, basins, pitchers, and various equipment
Learn about the internal structures and cell envelope of bacteria, as well as their ability to grow and divide rapidly in various environments. Explore the similarities between organelles in eukaryotic cells and structures in bacteria.
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