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Questions and Answers
What describes bacteria in relation to their cellular structure?
What describes bacteria in relation to their cellular structure?
- They are prokaryotic.
- They are eukaryotic.
- They have a defined nucleus.
- They are multicellular organisms. (correct)
Which of the following shapes is NOT a basic shape of bacteria?
Which of the following shapes is NOT a basic shape of bacteria?
- Coccus
- Rod (correct)
- Spiral
- Bacillus
What is the size range of most bacteria?
What is the size range of most bacteria?
- 5 to 10 microns
- 1 to 5 microns (correct)
- 0.1 to 1 micron
- 10 to 100 microns
Which of the following is an example of a bacillus-shaped bacterium?
Which of the following is an example of a bacillus-shaped bacterium?
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How do most bacteria reproduce?
How do most bacteria reproduce?
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Study Notes
Overview of Bacteria
- Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms lacking a nucleus.
- Three primary shapes: bacillus (rod-shaped), coccus (spherical), and spiral.
- Structure typically includes a peptidoglycan cell wall; reproduction occurs through binary fission.
- Some bacteria possess flagella for movement and can utilize various chemical substances for nutrition.
Size of Bacteria
- Generally smaller than eukaryotic cells but larger than viruses.
- Size typically ranges from 1 to 5 micrometers (microns).
- Light microscopes can magnify bacterial images up to about 1,000 times, useful for basic studies.
Shape and Arrangement of Bacteria
Cocci
- Diplococci: pairs of cocci (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae).
- Chains of cocci: also known as streptococci (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes).
- Clusters (grape-like) of cocci: staphylococci (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus).
Bacilli
- Short bacilli: e.g., Bacillus subtilis.
- Long bacilli: e.g., Lactobacillus species.
- Coccobacilli: intermediate in shape, e.g., Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
Spirals
- Comma-shaped: e.g., Vibrio cholerae.
- Spiral-shaped: e.g., Helicobacter pylori.
- Spirochaetes: a specific category of spiral bacteria, known for their unique structure.
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