Bacon and the Foundations of Modern Science
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes Bacon’s contribution to science?

  • He promoted deductive reasoning.
  • He emphasized the importance of experimentation. (correct)
  • He rejected the idea of empirical research.
  • He focused solely on classical texts.

    • Bacon's 'Novum Organum' was published in 1620.

    True

    What was the motto of the Royal Society of London?

    nullius in verba

    Bacon's approach to science is often called the _____ method.

    <p>scientific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Inductive reasoning = Drawing general conclusions from specific observations Experimental philosophy = Approach focusing on experimentation and empirical evidence Novum Organum = Bacon's influential work on the scientific method Royal Society of London = First official national scientific society in England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal structure is contrasted with More’s Utopia in the content?

    <p>Monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacon's fictional scientific society was the basis for the Royal Society of London.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the college described in the New Atlantis?

    <p>To interpret nature and produce works for human benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Father of Solomon's House' wore a robe of bright red cloth during his entry.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author affirm about impostures and lies in the work?

    <p>They hate all impostures and lies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chariot used by the 'Father of Solomon's House' was made of __________.

    <p>cedar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with the respective subjects:

    <p>Father of Solomon's House = Clothed in fine black cloth and a rich chariot New Atlantis = A model for interpreting nature and commonwealth Impostures = Things the authors despise and warn against Natural History = A work of significant interest to the author</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'contemptus mundi' refer to?

    <p>A disregard for worldly concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary focus of Renaissance humanism was solely on scientific experimentation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end goal of the foundation mentioned in Saloman's House?

    <p>The knowledge of Causes and secret motions of things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacon described science as hands-on __________ and manipulation of nature.

    <p>experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Contemplation = Passive observation of nature Active transformation = Manipulation of nature for new possibilities Nature as spectacle = God's creation meant for human admiration Scientific empire = The expansion of human capabilities through knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for manipulating nature?

    <p>Medicating animals for enhanced growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nature is portrayed as something to be admired and contemplated rather than tampered with.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pursuit of knowledge through scientific inquiry lead to, according to the passage?

    <p>The highest approbation from the creator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The new metaphor in science is described as 'imperial __________.'

    <p>conquest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for gaining truth and knowledge according to the passage?

    <p>Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive observation is considered a reliable way to gain knowledge.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage suggest about the relationship between knowledge and mathematical knowledge?

    <p>Knowledge should concern what one has done himself, ideally resembling mathematical knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The passage discusses creating _______ that imitate natural phenomena.

    <p>artificial wells and fountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following creations with their descriptions:

    <p>Great lakes = Bodies of water that can be salt or fresh Engines for multiplying winds = Devices to enhance wind power Artificial wells = Imitations of natural water sources Houses of deceits = Structures that create illusions and false appearances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a project in the passage?

    <p>Enhanced electrical systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The passage outlines a need for certainty in knowledge gained through actions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'deceptive appearances' as stated in the passage?

    <p>Appearances that mislead or do not reveal the true nature of things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The author describes our ability to imitate _______ and deceive any man's taste.

    <p>smells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a primary condition for certainty of knowledge?

    <p>Personal experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the missions sent out by Salomon's House?

    <p>To gather knowledge about the sciences and affairs of other lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bensalem is described as being free from all pollution and foulness.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metaphor is used to describe the role of Salomon’s House in the kingdom?

    <p>The very eye of this kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scientific objectivity is described by Donna Haraway as a 'view from __________.'

    <p>nowhere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions with their corresponding terms or concepts:

    <p>His coming is in state = The knowledge of Causes Light as God's first creature = Trade for knowledge Chastity of Bensalem = A fair beautiful Cherubim Mirrors in the world = Scientific vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the trade maintained by Salomon's House is true?

    <p>It is a trade for knowledge and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The secret motions of things are considered irrelevant in understanding the empire.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'the lanthorn of this kingdom'?

    <p>It signifies guidance and enlightenment for the kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The missions from Salomon’s House were meant to bring back __________, instruments, and patterns.

    <p>books</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'to effect all things possible' imply about the aspirations of those in Salomon's House?

    <p>They strive for maximum human achievement and knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    New Atlantis: A Work Unfinished

    • Francis Bacon's work is a fable, illustrating a model of a college institutioned for the interpretation of nature and producing remarkable works for the benefit of humanity
    • The fable details scientific miracles (185-186)
    • It centers on the relationship between Science, Nature, and Technology, shaping societal progress (happiness, health, and prosperity) through innovation and mastery
    • It explores the connection between Utopian literature and the future genres of Science Fiction and Speculative Fiction.

    Science as Power/Scientists in Power

    • Bacon portrays a lavish display of power and wealth for the leader
    • The procession is described in detail and is a powerful demonstration of wealth, power, and obedience to authority.

    Utopian Commodities, Comparatives, and the Shimmer of Technoscience

    • Utopian objects described are similar to everyday items, but are presented with an aura of uniqueness, sophistication, and technological prowess.
    • This includes luxurious items such as "shining yellow" parchment, leaves that appear to be "silver asp," but glow and are green year-round, and carpets made from luxurious "silk of divers colors," which are more refined than any seen in the Old World
    • These items create a utopian aesthetic, subtly reflecting the advancement of technology through their special qualities and the emphasis on the unique qualities of science.

    What is "Science" in Bacon's Time? // The "Scientific Revolution"

    • Bacon advocated for the Scientific Method, involving inductive reasoning and experimentation instead of traditional scholasticism.
    • This new emphasis on experiential science laid the foundations for the scientific revolution.
    • A fictional scientific society, the House of Solomon, inspired the establishment of real-world scientific societies.
    • This led to the founding of the Royal Society of London for Improving Knowledge

    Why did it take a "revolution" to establish empiricism and the experimental method as legitimate means of investigating nature?

    • Contemptus mundi (contempt for the world) and curiosity in the form of "lust of the eyes"
    • The Renaissance emphasis on humanism and naturalism.

    More: Science as Worshipful Contemplation of the Creation

    • Science fosters a sense of awe at nature's sophistication and God's creativity, leading to the worship of nature
    • The act of contemplation of the natural world is a means of expressing gratitude.
    • Technology is not the primary focus, but rather a way to appreciate nature's complexity.

    Salomon's House

    • Dedicated to the study of God's work and creatures.
    • Aims to expand the understanding of cause and effect in the natural world.
    • The goal is to improve humanity's power and ability to control their circumstances on earth.
    • This involves moving from passive contemplation to active transformation, and finding ways to move beyond what is naturally possible
    • The House of Salomon uses a process of active investigation and experimentation to achieve their goals.

    Nature Pressed Past its Existing Limits

    • Bacon's depiction of science's ambition is to artificially manipulate the natural world.
    • Includes creating different types of weather, plants, and animals through art.
    • There is a sense of altering and improving upon nature.

    Sensory Power & Faliability/Deception

    • The ability of man to create sensory illusions to deceive the senses.
    • Using scientific and artistic methods to enhance nature's beauty.
    • There is an interest in the potential manipulation of reality through scientific innovation.

    Science, Secrecy, and Power

    • The findings and powers of the House of Solomon are not shared widely.
    • The knowledge is kept hidden in the House's advanced study facilities.
    • The establishment is isolated and controlled to ensure security.

    Even the Citizens of New Atlantis...

    • Information about the visitors to the city and the governor of the city.
    • The information provided keeps the members of the inner circle hidden from general public view.

    Objectivity and Empire

    • The knowledge and understanding of all possible things is the core objective of the Salomon's House
    • Includes the study of causes and secret actions

    Science as "a Trade in Light"

    • The regular expeditions out of the city are designed to obtain knowledge and learning from other regions of the world.
    • The core goal is obtaining knowledge (and light) to better understand the natural world.

    Additional Ocullar and Specular Metaphors for Salomon's House

    • Scientific vision and authority is illustrated by the metaphors employed.

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    New Atlantis Lecture 2024 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores Francis Bacon's contributions to science, focusing on his seminal work 'Novum Organum' and his influence on the Royal Society of London. Test your knowledge on key concepts related to Bacon's scientific method, societal critiques in literature, and the ideals presented in 'New Atlantis'.

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