17 Questions
What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic muscles in the back?
Extrinsic muscles move the upper limbs and thoracic wall, while intrinsic muscles support and move the vertebral column and head.
Which nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?
Accessory nerve
Which muscles retract the scapula to the vertebral column?
Rhomboid minor and major
Which muscle elevates the scapula?(not the fibers separately)
Levator scapula
What is the function of the erector spinae muscle?
Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column
Which muscle extends the neck and rotates the head to one side?
Splenius capitus and cervicis muscles
Which muscle group is referred to as the respiratory group?
Serratus posterior superior and inferior
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the scapula?
Levator scapula muscle
Which muscle is responsible for retracting the scapula to the vertebral column?
Rhomboid muscles
Which muscle is responsible for extending the neck and rotating the head to one side?
Splenius capitus and cervicis muscles
Which muscle is responsible for passing outwards from the vertebral column to attach to the ribs and is referred to as the respiratory group?
Serratus posterior superior
Which muscle is covered by thoracolumbar fascia and includes three subdivisions: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis?
Erector spinae muscle
Which group of back muscles includes semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores?
Transversospinales muscle group
Which muscles are innervated by the anterior rami and are involved in upper limb and thoracic wall movement?
Extrinsic muscles
Which muscle is the most inferiorly positioned of the suboccipital muscles?
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Which muscle is the most medial of the suboccipital muscles?
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
What is the area bordered by three of the suboccipital muscles and contains the vertebral artery, suboccipital venous plexus and suboccipital nerve?
Suboccipital Triangle
Study Notes
Anatomy of the Back Muscles
- The back muscles include both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles, which move the upper limbs, ribs, and maintain posture.
- Extrinsic muscles are involved in upper limb and thoracic wall movement and are innervated by the anterior rami.
- Intrinsic muscles are deep in position and innervated by the posterior rami, supporting and moving the vertebral column and head.
- The trapezius muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve and originates from the sup nuchal line, ext. occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T12, inserting into the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
- The latissimus dorsi muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve and originates from spinous processes of T7 to L5, sacrum, iliac crest, ribs X to XII, inserting into the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus.
- The levator scapula muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and elevates the scapula.
- The rhomboid muscles, including rhomboid minor and major, are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and work together to retract the scapula to the vertebral column.
- The intermediate group of back muscles includes two flat muscular sheets, serratus posterior superior and inferior, which pass outwards from the vertebral column to attach to the ribs and are referred to as the respiratory group.
- The splenius capitus and cervicis muscles run vertically upwards and laterally from the spinous processes and ligamentum nuchae, extending the neck and rotating the head to one side.
- The erector spinae muscle is covered by thoracolumbar fascia and includes three subdivisions: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis.
- The deep layer of back muscles, transversospinales muscle group, includes semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores, innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.
- The functions of back muscles include flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column, as well as elevation, retraction, and depression of the scapula.
Anatomy of the Back Muscles
- The back muscles include both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles, which move the upper limbs, ribs, and maintain posture.
- Extrinsic muscles are involved in upper limb and thoracic wall movement and are innervated by the anterior rami.
- Intrinsic muscles are deep in position and innervated by the posterior rami, supporting and moving the vertebral column and head.
- The trapezius muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve and originates from the sup nuchal line, ext. occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T12, inserting into the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
- The latissimus dorsi muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve and originates from spinous processes of T7 to L5, sacrum, iliac crest, ribs X to XII, inserting into the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus.
- The levator scapula muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and elevates the scapula.
- The rhomboid muscles, including rhomboid minor and major, are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and work together to retract the scapula to the vertebral column.
- The intermediate group of back muscles includes two flat muscular sheets, serratus posterior superior and inferior, which pass outwards from the vertebral column to attach to the ribs and are referred to as the respiratory group.
- The splenius capitus and cervicis muscles run vertically upwards and laterally from the spinous processes and ligamentum nuchae, extending the neck and rotating the head to one side.
- The erector spinae muscle is covered by thoracolumbar fascia and includes three subdivisions: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis.
- The deep layer of back muscles, transversospinales muscle group, includes semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores, innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.
- The functions of back muscles include flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column, as well as elevation, retraction, and depression of the scapula.
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the back muscles with this informative quiz! From the extrinsic muscles that move the upper limbs and thoracic wall, to the intrinsic muscles that support and move the vertebral column and head, this quiz covers it all. Learn about the different muscles, their origin and insertion points, and their respective functions. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about the complex anatomy of the back muscles!
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