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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is responsible for extension of the neck?
Which muscle is responsible for extension of the neck?
Which muscle(s) is responsible for lateral flexion of the trunk (unilateral)?
Which muscle(s) is responsible for lateral flexion of the trunk (unilateral)?
Which muscle is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?
Which muscle is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?
Which muscle is responsible for stabilization of the vertebral column?
Which muscle is responsible for stabilization of the vertebral column?
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Which muscle is responsible for proprioception of the vertebral column?
Which muscle is responsible for proprioception of the vertebral column?
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Which muscle(s) is responsible for contralateral rotation of trunk?
Which muscle(s) is responsible for contralateral rotation of trunk?
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Which muscle is the middle member of the short triangular muscles and thickest in the lumbar region?
Which muscle is the middle member of the short triangular muscles and thickest in the lumbar region?
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Which muscle connects adjacent spinous processes and is responsible for extension and rotation?
Which muscle connects adjacent spinous processes and is responsible for extension and rotation?
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Which muscle connects TVPs to SPs and is responsible for stabilization and proprioception?
Which muscle connects TVPs to SPs and is responsible for stabilization and proprioception?
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Which of the following muscles is considered a superficial extrinsic back muscle?
Which of the following muscles is considered a superficial extrinsic back muscle?
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Which nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?
Which nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?
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Which muscle connects the vertebral column with the upper limb?
Which muscle connects the vertebral column with the upper limb?
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Which muscle is considered an intermediate extrinsic back muscle?
Which muscle is considered an intermediate extrinsic back muscle?
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Which muscle is deep to the rhomboid muscle?
Which muscle is deep to the rhomboid muscle?
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Which muscle receives motor fibers from the spinal accessory nerve CN XI?
Which muscle receives motor fibers from the spinal accessory nerve CN XI?
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Which nerves innervate the intercostal muscles?
Which nerves innervate the intercostal muscles?
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Which muscles are considered superficial respiratory muscles?
Which muscles are considered superficial respiratory muscles?
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Which muscles originate from the iliac crest and the sacrum?
Which muscles originate from the iliac crest and the sacrum?
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Which of the following are the chief extensors of the vertebral column?
Which of the following are the chief extensors of the vertebral column?
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Which muscle group is part of the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
Which muscle group is part of the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
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Which muscle(s) is part of the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
Which muscle(s) is part of the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
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Which muscle group is part of the deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
Which muscle group is part of the deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
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Which muscle is responsible for extension of the neck when contracted bilaterally?
Which muscle is responsible for extension of the neck when contracted bilaterally?
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Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the neck when contracted unilaterally?
Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the neck when contracted unilaterally?
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Which muscle is responsible for ipsilateral rotation of the neck when contracted?
Which muscle is responsible for ipsilateral rotation of the neck when contracted?
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Which muscle attaches to the angle of ribs and cervical transverse processes?
Which muscle attaches to the angle of ribs and cervical transverse processes?
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Which muscle group attaches to the spinous processes, laminae, and ligaments of superior vertebrae?
Which muscle group attaches to the spinous processes, laminae, and ligaments of superior vertebrae?
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Which muscle action is associated with semispinalis?
Which muscle action is associated with semispinalis?
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The Erector Spinae muscle has three parts according to superior attachments, namely lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis.
The Erector Spinae muscle has three parts according to superior attachments, namely lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis.
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Multifidus consists of short, triangular muscles that are more proprioceptive than motor in function
Multifidus consists of short, triangular muscles that are more proprioceptive than motor in function
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Serratus posterior group are more proprioceptive than motor in function
Serratus posterior group are more proprioceptive than motor in function
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Rectus capitis group are innervated by the _____ nerve
Rectus capitis group are innervated by the _____ nerve
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Which nerve innervates the platysma?
Which nerve innervates the platysma?
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The rectus capitis group and the obliquus group are both responsible for.... (list 1 action)
The rectus capitis group and the obliquus group are both responsible for.... (list 1 action)
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Study Notes
Neck and Spine Muscles
- Extension of the neck is primarily performed by the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles.
- Unilateral lateral flexion of the trunk is achieved by the external oblique, internal oblique, and quadratus lumborum.
- Extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine is mainly performed by the erector spinae muscles.
- Stabilization of the vertebral column is facilitated by the transversospinalis muscle group including multifidus.
- Proprioception of the vertebral column is primarily provided by the multifidus and rotatores muscles.
Functions and Connections of Muscles
- Contralateral rotation of the trunk involves the external oblique and sternocleidomastoid.
- The multifidus muscle is identified as the middle member of the short triangular muscles and is the thickest in the lumbar region.
- The interspinalis muscles connect adjacent spinous processes and assist in extension and rotation of the spine.
- Intertransversarii muscles connect transverse processes to spinous processes and contribute to stabilization and proprioception.
Muscle Classification and Innervation
- The trapezius muscle is classified as a superficial extrinsic back muscle.
- The trapezius is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).
- The latissimus dorsi connects the vertebral column with the upper limb.
- The serratus posterior muscles are categorized as intermediate extrinsic back muscles.
- The levator scapulae is located deep to the rhomboid muscle.
Nerve Innervation and Muscle Actions
- The intercostal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves.
- Superficial respiratory muscles include the external intercostals and scalene muscles.
- Muscles originating from the iliac crest and sacrum include the iliocostalis and longissimus components of the erector spinae.
- The erector spinae group is recognized as the chief extensors of the vertebral column.
Intrinsic Back Muscle Layers
- The superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles comprises the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis.
- The intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles includes the erector spinae group.
- The deep layer of intrinsic back muscles is represented by the transversospinalis group.
Additional Muscle Functions
- Bilateral contraction of the splenius muscles leads to extension of the neck.
- Unilateral contraction of the neck is associated with the sternocleidomastoid for lateral flexion.
- Ipsilateral rotation of the neck is primarily facilitated by the splenius capitis muscle.
- The scalenes attach to the angle of ribs and cervical transverse processes.
- The multifidus group connects to spinous processes, laminae, and ligaments of superior vertebrae.
- The semispinalis is associated with the action of extension and rotation of the head, neck, and thoracic regions.
Other Important Notes
- The rectus capitis and obliquus groups share similarities in functions, particularly in head movement and stabilization.
- The rectus capitis group is innervated by branches of C1 and C2 spinal nerves.
- The platysma muscle is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII).
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Description
Test your knowledge of the back and anterior neck muscles with this quiz! Identify the muscles and their attachments, locations, and innervation. Challenge yourself on the superficial extrinsic back muscles and the intermediate extrinsic back muscles, such as the trapezius and latissimus dorsi.
