B.A. Political Science Part-II Exam 2024

The House of Lords, the upper chamber of the British Parliament, holds limited powers. These powers mainly include scrutinizing and suggesting amendments to bills, delaying bills for a short time, and providing a forum for deliberation on legislation.

The British Legislature comprises the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Its main functions include creating and amending laws, voting on government budgets, holding the government accountable through debates and questioning, and debating national issues.

The American House of Representatives, the lower chamber of Congress, exercises significant powers. These powers include initiating all revenue bills, approving government spending, impeaching officials, and electing the President in case of a tie in the Electoral College.

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the country, with powers to interpret the Constitution, review laws, and settle disputes between states. It also has the power of judicial review, allowing it to declare laws unconstitutional.

The Swiss Federal Legislature comprises two chambers: the National Council and the Council of States. This bicameral legislature makes laws, approves government budgets, and holds the Federal Council (executive branch) accountable.

Direct Democracy is a system where citizens directly participate in decision-making through mechanisms like referendums, initiatives, and recalls. This allows for citizen-led proposals and votes on laws and policies.

Direct Democracy has several merits like encouraging citizen participation, ensuring accountability, and reflecting public opinions. However, it also has drawbacks like potential for tyranny of the majority, difficulty in complex decision-making, and possibility of manipulation by special interest groups.

The judicial system of China is characterized by a hierarchical structure, with courts at various levels. Its features include the dominance of the Communist Party in judicial processes, a focus on ensuring social stability, and an emphasis on maintaining order.