Questions and Answers
What is the defining characteristic of a state with high autonomy?
Which type of legitimacy is primarily based on the charisma of a leader?
What is a key factor in maintaining a state's monopoly?
What is the relationship between ethnic identity and national identity, according to the content provided?
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According to the content, what is the main advantage of a state with high autonomy and high capacity?
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Which of the following best describes a failed state?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential advantage of a state with strong capacity and autonomy?
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How does rational-legal legitimacy differ from charismatic legitimacy?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the quality or power of a state?
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According to the content, what is the defining characteristic of citizenship?
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Which example best illustrates a state with high autonomy and low capacity?
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How does the content characterize the relationship between a state's capacity and its ability to implement policies?
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What does the content suggest is the connection between a state's monopolistic power and economic growth?
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How is the distribution of power within a state determined?
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What is the main characteristic of an authoritarian regime?
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In a democracy, what is the source of legitimacy for states?
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What is the opposite of authoritarianism?
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What is a key difference between a democracy and a non-democracy?
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What is a dictatorship?
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What is the main feature of a democratic system?
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What is the primary characteristic that defines a state?
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Which aspect differentiates internal sovereignty from external sovereignty?
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What does the concept of zero-sum imply in political contexts?
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Which of the following best describes the role of norms and values in political behavior?
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Comparative politics primarily examines what aspect of different regimes?
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Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of sovereignty?
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How do political institutions affect political activity within a state?
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What is the key difference between a country and a state?
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What is the primary function of political parties in a political society?
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In a single-member district system, what is the primary outcome for voters?
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What is a key characteristic of a mixed electoral system?
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What does a referendum allow the public to do?
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Which of the following best defines civil rights?
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What distinguishes civil liberties from civil rights?
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What outcome does a proportional electoral system typically encourage?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of political parties?
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Study Notes
Political Science
- Political science is about understanding patterns of activity that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake, such as taxes, armies, elections, and the state.
- Political science sets the stage for political behavior by influencing how politics is conducted and varies from country to country.
- It embodies norms or values considered central to people's lives and thus are not easily changed or dislodged.
Comparative Politics
- Comparative politics is about finding the balance between equality and freedom in different regimes, democratic and non-democratic.
- Democratic regimes lie somewhere in the middle of the spectrum.
The State
- The state is a machinery of politics that should be sovereign, having a monopoly over a territory and being highly institutionalized.
- Sovereignty is the core element of a state, referring to the ability to carry out policies within a given territory.
- There are two types of sovereignty: internal (the authority to make laws and carry out administrative tasks) and external (recognition by foreign powers of a government's claim to independence).
Legitimacy
- Legitimacy is a value whereby someone or something is recognized and accepted as right.
- A legitimate institution is widely accepted and recognized by the public.
- There are three types of legitimacy: traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal.
State Power Distribution
- State power distribution refers to the ability to mobilize its own resources effectively.
- States with high autonomy can make decisions without considering public reactions, while states with high capacity can mobilize resources effectively.
Nations and Society
- Citizenship is a political identity developed explicitly by states and accepted or rejected by individuals.
- Ethnic identity is based on culture, while national identity is based on political aspiration.
- There are similarities and differences between ethnic identity, national identity, and citizenship.
Political Parties
- Political parties are organizations that bring people together, serving two functions: helping to establish the means by which the majority can rule and enacting policies.
- Parties are often diverse and unable to fully dominate politics.
Electoral Systems
- Electoral systems can be single-member districts (plurality) or multi-member districts (proportional).
- Mixed electoral systems combine elements of both.
Referenda and Initiatives
- Referenda allow the public to make direct decisions about policy.
- Initiatives are collections of suggestions or proposals made for the public.
Civil Rights, Liberties, and Rules of Law
- Civil rights consist of things like the right to vote, equal treatment under the law, and access to public things without discrimination.
- Civil liberties refer to individual freedoms like freedom of speech, religion, and privacy.
- The rule of law is important in making democracy, as seen in England, where the country is ruled by law, not by the king.
Non-Democratic Regimes
- Authoritarianism is characterized by restricted participation, competition, and liberty, with power controlled by a small group of individuals.
- Legitimacy in non-democratic regimes may differ from democratic regimes.
- Different models of non-democratic regimes include dictatorships, which imply absolute power by one person.
- Legitimacy in dictatorships can come from various sources.
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Description
Understand the basics of political science, including self-perpetuating activities, and comparative politics, including how politics is conducted across countries.