BA 1st Semester Psychology Paper

Attention is a cognitive process that allows us to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others. It involves selecting, sustaining, and shifting our focus. Types of attention include selective attention, sustained attention, divided attention, and alternating attention. Selective attention involves focusing on one stimulus while ignoring others. Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain focus on a task over an extended period. Divided attention enables us to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously. Alternating attention involves switching back and forth between different tasks.

The James-Lange theory proposes that our emotional experiences are a result of physiological changes in our bodies. This theory states that we first experience physiological arousal, such as increased heartbeat, sweating, or muscle tension, and then we interpret these physical sensations as emotions. For example, you see a bear, your heart starts racing, and you interpret this physical arousal as fear.

The concept of "Good Gestalt" in psychology refers to the tendency of our brains to perceive stimuli in organized and meaningful ways. It is a principle of Gestalt psychology that suggests we seek coherence and simplicity in our perceptual experiences. The principle states that our brains naturally group and interpret elements to form a complete, coherent, and organized perception. This principle is reflected in various perceptual phenomena, such as proximity, similarity, closure, and figure-ground relationships.