B Vitamins Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following B vitamins is considered effective in treating infantile beriberi?

Niacin (B3)

Cobalamin (B12)

Riboflavin (B2)

Thiamine (B1) (correct)

What is the effectiveness of niacin (B3) in treating dyslipidemia and pellagra?

Effective (correct)

No evidence

Possibly effective

Likely effective

Which statement is true regarding pyridoxine (B6)?

It is effective for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting.

It is ineffective to treat vitamin B6 deficiency.

It is effective to treat age-related macular degeneration.

It is effective to treat vitamin B6 deficiency. (correct)

Which of the following is a B vitamin that is effective in treating biotin deficiency?

Biotin (B7) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effectiveness of folic acid (B9) in treating folate deficiency?

Effective (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known to cause blindness in children due to deficiency?

Vitamin A (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does high doses of vitamin C potentially have on the common cold?

Reduces duration by 1-1.5 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is categorized as a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin A (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key question to ask when providing recommendations during the patient care process?

Is a supplement needed? (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the risks associated with vitamin A therapy?

Increased risk of bleeding with warfarin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What dietary source is rich in vitamin D?

Fish liver oils (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to vitamin D deficiency?

Increased sun exposure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is NOT classified as a water-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin D (C) Signup and view all the answers

What serious risk can arise from excessive supplementation of calcium?

Hypercalcemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral can interfere with the absorption of both iron and zinc when taken together?

Calcium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is vitamin K specifically effective for?

Reversal of warfarin anticoagulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

How much elemental calcium is recommended to be taken at once?

500 mg (A) Signup and view all the answers

What potential outcome can result from long-term high doses of iron supplementation?

Iron overload (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to reduce medication absorption interference with calcium supplements?

Separate doses by at least 2-4 hours (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of potassium available over-the-counter?

Bicarbonate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary source provides 300 mg of calcium per serving?

8 oz milk (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with hypokalemia?

Excessive laxative use (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to potentially cause hyperkalemia?

ACE inhibitors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is classified as likely safe when taken orally by non-pregnant adults?

Calcium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is calcium classified as effective for treating?

Osteoporosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is iron classified as effective for treating?

Restless leg syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is potassium classified as effective for treating?

Hypokalemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as possibly effective for treating restless leg syndrome?

Iron (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is classified as not having sufficient evidence for treating weight loss?

Calcium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What factor can contribute to chronic renal insufficiency affecting vitamin D metabolism?

Inability to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin has dietary sources including wheat germ, sunflower oil, and green leafy vegetables?

Vitamin E (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key symptom associated with acute intoxication of vitamin D?

Increased thirst (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vitamin E toxicity is true?

Vitamin E toxicity is typically difficult to achieve. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How might vitamin E interact with anticoagulant drugs?

Inhibit platelet aggregation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic consequence is associated with chronic glucocorticoid use?

Decreased calcium and phosphorus absorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of vitamin K deficiency?

Intestinal obstruction or diseases like Crohn's (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which potential effect of high doses of vitamin E is still debated in the medical community?

Increased risk of prostate cancer (A) Signup and view all the answers

In cases of vitamin D toxicity, which condition may manifest due to hypercalcemia?

Confusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What age group is less effective at converting vitamin D through the skin?

Individuals older than 70 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Thiamine deficiency in adults?

Symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms of Pellagra caused by Niacin deficiency?

Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to Biotin deficiency?

Excessive consumption of raw egg whites (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with Anemia and Tongue inflammation?

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which patient group is at risk of developing a Thiamine deficiency leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Individuals with chronic alcohol abuse (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically linked to Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) deficiency?

Burning feet syndrome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of Folic acid deficiency?

Weight loss surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT associated with Riboflavin deficiency?

Convulsions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is often associated with a deficiency in individuals undergoing total parenteral nutrition?

Thiamine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common symptom of Vitamin B6 deficiency?

Constipation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these vitamins is essential for the prevention of neural tube defects?

Vitamin B9 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin should not be used as an alternative to prescription Niacin for treating hyperlipidemia?

Inositol hexanicotinate (D) Signup and view all the answers

In long-term parenteral nutrition, deficiencies may include:

Biotin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by dermatologic symptoms and is primarily associated with chronic alcohol abuse?

Pellagra (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vitamins and Minerals Notes

Learning Objectives:
- Identify patients at risk of deficiencies
- Determine if a vitamin/mineral is effective and safe for a patient
- Provide counseling points on niacin, folic acid, vitamin D, calcium, and iron

Water Soluble Vitamins

Thiamine (Vitamin B1):
- Forms: Oral (OTC), injection (RX)
- Infantile Beriberi: Thiamine deficiency in breastfed infants, leading to heart failure and loss of reflexes
- Adult Beriberi: Weight loss surgery complications or total parenteral nutrition complications, can cause symmetrical peripheral neuropathy or cardiac involvement
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Chronic alcohol abuse, acute syndrome requiring immediate treatment to prevent death and neurologic disease. Includes Wernicke's encephalopathy (acute) and Korsakoff syndrome (chronic), impacting short-term memory
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2):
- Form: Oral (OTC)

Niacin(Vitamin B3) Deficiency

Pellagra: Rough skin condition, aka pelle agra
Symptoms:
- Dermatitis in sun-exposed areas
- Diarrhea
- Dementia
- Death

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) Deficiency

Form: Oral (OTC)
Symptoms:
- Numbness
- Burning sensation (in feet, known as burning feet syndrome)
- Gastrointestinal distress

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Deficiency

Forms: Oral (OTC), injection (RX)
Symptoms:
- Asthma
- Heart disease
- Chronic alcohol abuse
- Pregnancy

Biotin (Vitamin B7) Deficiency

Form: Oral (OTC)
Symptoms:
- Dermatitis around eyes, nose and mouth
- Conjunctivitis
- Alopecia
- Changes in mental status
- Lethargy
- Hallucinations
- "Pins and needles"

Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) Deficiency

Forms: Oral (OTC), injection (RX)
Symptoms:
- Malabsorptive syndromes
- Weight loss surgery
- Severe malnutrition
- Chronic alcohol use
- Infants fed exclusively goat milk
Prevention: Important for preventing neural tube defects and for women of childbearing age.

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Deficiency

Forms: Sublingual/Oral (OTC), injection/nasal spray (Prescription)
Symptoms:
- Vegan/vegetarian diet
- Weight loss surgery
- Malabsorption

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Deficiency

Forms: Oral (OTC), injection (RX)
Symptoms:
- Scurvy
Causes:
- Major cause of mortality in famine/malnourishment
- Poor diet lacking fruits/vegetables

Vitamin D Deficiency

Sources:
- UV sunlight
Deficiency Causes:
- Low sun exposure
- People over 70
Toxicity:
- Excessive supplementation-high doses
- Leads to poisoning in children
- Long-term use of high doses can cause iron overload and multiple organ damage.

Vitamin E Deficiency

Dietary Sources:
- Wheat germ, sunflower oil, almonds, hazelnuts, green leafy vegetables, tomato products, pumpkin, sweet potato

Vitamin K Deficiency

Symptoms:
- Excessive bleeding
- Stomach pains
- Bone defects
Interactions:
- Warfarin antagonists reducing anticoagulant effect

Calcium

Forms: Acetate, Carbonate, Citrate, Gluconate (oral), Acetate (injection)
Dosage Recommendations:
- 500mg elemental calcium at once MAX
Recommended Sources:
- 8 ounces of milk = 300 mg
- 6 ounces of yogurt = 300 mg
- 1 ounce of cheese = 200 mg
- Add 250mg of calcium for non-dairy sources

Iron

Forms: Fumarate, gluconate, sulfate (oral)
Interactions:
- Fe and zinc interfere with absorption
- PPI can decrease iron absorption
Toxicity:
- Leads to poisoning

Potassium and Sodium

Forms:
- Potassim: Gluconate (oral)
- Sodium: Acetate, Chloride, Citrate, Gluconate, Phosphate
- Drug Interations

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Description

Test your knowledge about the various B vitamins and their effectiveness in treating specific deficiencies and conditions. This quiz covers the roles of vitamins B1, B3, B6, B9, and biotin. Determine how well you understand these essential nutrients.