B Vitamins Quiz

Thiamine (B1) is effective in treating infantile beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and adult beriberi.

Riboflavin (B2) is effective in treating ariboflavinosis, which is a deficiency of riboflavin.

Niacin (B3) is considered likely effective to treat dyslipidemia and pellagra. This means there is strong evidence to support its effectiveness in these conditions.

Pantothenic acid (B5) is effective in treating pantothenic acid deficiency.

Pyridoxine (B6) is effective in treating vitamin B6 deficiency. It is also possibly effective in treating age-related macular degeneration and pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting.

A deficiency of Thiamine (vitamin B1) that affects infants who are breastfed by mothers with thiamine deficiency, causing heart failure and lack of reflexes.

A deficiency of Thiamine (vitamin B1) that can occur in adults, especially after weight loss surgery or complications with total parenteral nutrition.

A severe neurological condition caused by thiamine deficiency, often in individuals with chronic alcoholism.

The acute phase of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome characterized by confusion, eye movements, and balance problems.

The chronic phase of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome marked by memory loss, confusion, and difficulty recalling past experiences.

A deficiency of Riboflavin (vitamin B2) that can manifest in various ways.

A deficiency of Niacin (vitamin B3) that can occur due to chronic alcohol abuse, malnutrition, or certain medications.

A deficiency of Pantothenic Acid (vitamin B5) that is rare and usually occurs in severely malnourished individuals.

A deficiency of Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) that is more common in individuals with certain health conditions, alcohol issues, or related to certain medications.

A deficiency of Biotin (vitamin B7) that can occur due to the consumption of raw egg whites or long-term parenteral nutrition.

A deficiency of Folic Acid (vitamin B9) that can result in various medical complications, especially for infants.

The amount of a substance that is needed for a specific purpose or effect.

The ways a drug or supplement can be taken, like orally or intravenously.

Potential healthcare risks or unintended effects that may occur when taking a medicine or supplement.

The level of effectiveness and safety of a specific medicine or supplement, often assessed through research.

A deficiency of vitamin A can be rare in developed countries but is the 3rd most common deficiency worldwide. It's a significant issue globally as 500,000 children become blind each year due to vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin A is highly toxic in large amounts, both acutely and chronically. This means taking too much vitamin A can lead to serious health problems.

Taking vitamin A supplements alongside certain medications like Acitretin, Isotretinoin, and Tretinoin can increase the risk of toxicity. These medications are derived from Vitamin A and can have additive effects.

Using Vitamin A supplements while taking Warfarin could increase the risk of bleeding. Warfarin reduces Vitamin K, and there's a potential interaction with Vitamin A.

Studies involving Beta-Carotene supplementation have shown an increased risk of lung cancer in former or current smokers, raising concerns about its use in this population.

Getting sufficient Vitamin D from sunlight involves brief exposure to arms and face, equivalent to ingesting 200 IU of Vitamin D.

Vitamin D deficiency can be caused by low sun exposure, common in infants, disabled individuals, and older adults.

Vitamin D is important for bone health and calcium absorption. A deficiency can lead to weakened bones and increased risk of fractures.

Vitamin D deficiency can occur in older adults due to decreased conversion of vitamin D in the skin.

Chronic kidney disease can lead to vitamin D deficiency because the kidneys are responsible for activating vitamin D.

High doses of glucocorticoids can interfere with vitamin D absorption in the intestines.

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which can cause osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures.

Vitamin D toxicity symptoms are primarily due to hypercalcemia, which can cause confusion, increased urination, increased thirst, loss of appetite, vomiting, and muscle weakness.

Vitamin E is found in various foods including wheat germ, sunflower oil, almonds, hazelnuts, green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, pumpkin, and sweet potatoes.

Vitamin E deficiency is rare and usually occurs in cases of severe malnutrition or genetic defects.

Vitamin E can interact with anticoagulants and antiplatelets, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding, and may affect the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Vitamin K is effective in stopping bleeding in newborns and reversing the effects of the blood thinner Warfarin.

Calcium carbonate and calcium citrate are forms of calcium taken orally, while calcium acetate and gluconate are available as oral and injection forms.

Calcium absorption can be increased with thiazide diuretics, and decreased with aluminum and magnesium-containing antacids.

Excessive calcium supplementation can lead to hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, vascular and soft tissue calcification, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones.

Iron fumarate, iron gluconate, and iron sulfate are common oral forms of iron.

Iron absorption can be reduced by zinc supplements and PPIs.

High doses of iron can be fatal, especially in children, and chronic iron overload can cause organ damage.

Supplements like calcium, bisphosphonates, fluoroquinolones, levothyroxine, and tetracyclines should be taken at least 2-4 hours apart from medications.

A condition where the blood potassium levels are too low, often caused by diuretics, excessive laxatives, or certain medications.

A condition where the blood potassium levels are too high, often caused by ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium-sparing diuretics.

A mineral considered likely safe for oral consumption by adults in appropriate doses.

Calcium is considered effective for treating conditions like antacids, phosphate binders in renal failure, and osteoporosis.

Iron is considered effective for treating iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease.

A mineral that is considered effective in treating hypokalemia, but it can be dangerous in excess.

A mineral that can be helpful for managing hypertension, but its effectiveness isn't conclusively proven.

An electrolyte vital for nerve and muscle function, often affected by changes in insulin levels and certain medications.