B Lymphocyte and Antibody Response

<p>The antigen binding initiates a signal cascade leading to changes in gene expression and differentiation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The secondary response is much faster and stronger due to the presence of memory cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct activation of the B cell to produce antibodies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly kill infected cells by releasing cytotoxic substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To present antigens to other immune cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tolerance to that antigen is established. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a vital role in antigen presentation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating an adaptive immune response specific to an antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of B-cells becoming more effective at binding to a specific antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate different antibody classes with distinct functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The B-cell will be more likely to proliferate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents autoimmune diseases by avoiding attacks on the body's own tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To present antigens to T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary lymphoid organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulating T cell growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing pre-formed cytokines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MHC class I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orchestrating the immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing cytokines that stimulate B cell proliferation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver cytokines that enhance macrophage's killing mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a site for T cell maturation and selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tc cells kill infected cells, while TH cells activate other immune cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly destroying pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The production of adhesion molecules enables T cell migration to the site of infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows B cells to produce different types of antibodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a rapid response to subsequent infections with the same pathogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.

The process by which B lymphocytes produce antibodies after activation.

The process where B cells become ready to produce antibodies, requiring antigen binding and helper T cells.

When degraded antigen fragments are displayed on MHC class II molecules for helper T cells.

A type of T cell that provides signals necessary for B cell activation.

The initial immune response when an antigen is first encountered.

The immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen, faster and stronger than primary.

A molecule on T cells that recognizes specific antigens presented by MHC molecules.

Cells like macrophages that present antigens to T-helper cells.

Unresponsiveness to future exposure of an antigen due to prior recognition.

Major Histocompatibility Complex, crucial for antigen presentation.

B-cells change the type of antibody they produce based on the immune response needs.

Evolution of B cells to produce antibodies with higher affinity for an antigen.

The rapid multiplication of cells, particularly B cells after activation.

Types of antibodies; IgM is the first, IgG is most common in circulation.

Found in peripheral tissues, gather materials via phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

Travel to secondary lymphoid organs to present antigens to naïve T cells after maturation.

T cells produce cytokines (like IL-2) and adhesion molecules upon activation.

Induce apoptosis in infected or cancerous cells through lethal functions.

These molecules present protein fragments to circulating Tc cells for recognition.

Produced by various cells, they signal and coordinate immune responses.

Orchestrate immune responses by recognizing antigens presented by MHC class II.

Antigen Presenting Cells present antigens on MHC class II for TH cell recognition.

TH cells activate macrophages to enhance their destructive capabilities against microbes.

B cells develop in bone marrow and T cells in thymus, learning to recognize antigens.

T cells before activation, awaiting signals from dendritic cells and APCs.

Tc cells release cytokines to destroy target cells that are infected or cancerous.

TH cells bind to B cells and activate them for an immune response.

Nucleated cells degrade proteins and load peptides into MHC class I molecules for display.