17 Questions
What is the role of RAG-1 and RAG-2 in V(D)J recombination?
Recognizing and cutting DNA at the immunoglobulin-encoding region and the RSS
What enzyme primarily adds up to 20 N-nucleotides (non-template encoded) to the cleaved strands during V(D)J recombination?
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)
Which process leads to diversity in the length of Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs)?
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) activity
What is the result of a deficiency in Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) during V(D)J recombination?
Decreased N-nucleotide addition to V-D and D-J junctions
Which enzyme is responsible for opening DNA hairpins during V(D)J recombination?
Artemis
What is the function of Covalently closed DNA hairpin ends?
Excision of loops
What is notable about the Junctional Diversity process during V(D)J recombination?
Nucleotides may be added or removed at junctions between V, D, and J regions
Which proteins are crucial for creating signal joint and coding joint during V(D)J recombination?
[RAG-1, RAG-2]
'Many copies of V, D, and J are encoded in the germline' - This statement refers to which type of diversity in V(D)J recombination?
[Combinatorial Diversity]
What is the process by which segments are rearranged in every single B cell to create different possible antibodies?
Somatic recombination
In B cells, which region of the antibody defines the specificity of the binding sites?
Variable region
What is the function of recombinase enzymes like RAG1/2 in B cell development?
Recognize RSSs to cleave DNA for recombination
Which region of the Heavy chain gene segments is exclusive to heavy chains only?
Diversity (D)
What dictates the pairing of different segments together during gene rearrangement of BCRs?
Recombination signal sequences (RSSs)
Which rule states that a 12-bp RSS must pair with a 23-bp RSS for recombination to occur?
12/23 Rule
In the light chain gene rearrangement, what is unique about the constant regions?
They come from V segments
How many different Ig isotypes are associated with the light chains of B cell receptors?
$2$
Explore the process of somatic recombination in B and T cells, and how it leads to antibody specificity. Learn about the structure of B cell receptors (BCRs) and the variation in Fc regions and variable regions. Understand the different Ig isotypes and how antibodies and T cell receptors (TCRs) are produced.
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