Axon Guidance Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the retinal ganglion cells in the visual system?

  • To process visual cues and interpret visual information
  • To regulate the amount of light entering the eye
  • To transmit visual information from the retina to the brain (correct)
  • To convert light into neural signals

How many decision points do axons make during their journey to the optic tectum?

  • Exactly 10
  • At least 10 (correct)
  • Only 2
  • At least 5

In mammalian nervous systems, what percentage of axons cross over at the optic chiasm?

  • Some axons (correct)
  • All axons
  • Half of the axons
  • None of the axons

Which part of the retina projects to the ventral tectum or the lateral superior colliculus?

<p>Dorsal RGC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the experiment involving fluorescent tagging of cell bodies in the retina?

<p>To test the retinotectal pathway and topographic targeting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms is it observed that all axons cross over at the optic chiasm?

<p>Amphibians and chicks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the growth cone in axon guidance?

<p>To read cues in the environment and dictate the direction of axon growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of F-actin arcs in the transitional domain of the growth cone?

<p>To act as barriers for microtubule growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force driving axon extension in the growth cone?

<p>The degree and extent of actin polymerization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of many axons that initially project past their target?

<p>They loop back or extend a collateral branch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the peripheral domain of the growth cone?

<p>To guide pioneer microtubules along F-actin tracks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ADF/cofilin in the transitional domain of the growth cone?

<p>To sever actin filaments into a pool of actin monomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inhibiting actin polymerization with cytochalasins in the growth cone?

<p>Growth cone movement and extension is arrested (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the location of RGCs and their target in the Superior Colliculus?

<p>Dorsally located RGCs target the ventral SC, and ventrally located RGCs target the dorsal SC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Random Outgrowth Theory and the Chemoaffinity Hypothesis?

<p>The Chemoaffinity Hypothesis suggests that axon guidance is based on chemical tags, while the Random Outgrowth Theory suggests it is based on physical restraints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Roger Sperry's experiment where he cut the optic nerve and rotated the eye 180 degrees?

<p>The regenerating axons formed connections in the same region of the tectum as before the optic nerve was cut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'critical period' observed in Roger Sperry's experiment?

<p>It is the period during which the eye can be rotated and the retinotectal map will still be normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conclusion from the experiment where the eye was rotated 180 degrees?

<p>Connections in the adult retinotectal pathway are not determined by experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of local cues in the neuroepithelium in the formation of the optic tract?

<p>They guide the formation of the optic tract by providing chemical cues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior of retinal axons at the optic chiasm?

<p>They grow towards the part of the graft that was originally caudal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of microtubule stabilizers on a specific side of the growth cone?

<p>Turning towards that axis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of enduring coupling between microtubules and F-actin?

<p>Microtubule translocation by F-actin retrograde flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cytochalasin B on actin filaments in the growth cone?

<p>It prevents actin polymerization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adhesions between the growth cone and ECM?

<p>To latch and maintain traction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of filopodial advance in the growth cone?

<p>Actin polymerization at the leading edge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a loss of F-actin from the periphery of the growth cone?

<p>Growth cone collapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lamellipodia in the growth cone?

<p>To contain cross-linked F-actin filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of adhesion is involved in axon fasciculation?

<p>Fasciculation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a soluble inhibitory molecule in axon guidance?

<p>To repel the axon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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