45 Questions
Which muscle is responsible for protraction and rotation of the scapula upward?
Serratus Anterior
Which nerve innervates the Serratus Anterior muscle?
Long Thoracic Nerve
What action does the Pectoralis Minor muscle perform on the shoulder?
Depresses scapula
Which anatomical space contains the circumflex scapular artery?
Triangular Space
What is the role of the Long Thoracic Nerve in relation to the scapula?
Protracts the scapula
Which muscle in the posterior wall of the pectoral region is responsible for extending the elbow joint?
Long Head of Triceps Brachii
What is the clinical importance of arterial anastomoses at the shoulder?
Provides alternative pathways in case of blockages
In terms of origins, insertions, actions, innervations, and blood supply, which muscle is part of the pectoral region?
Teres Major
What feature facilitates winging of the scapula?
Inferior Angle
Which structure acts as a passageway between the neck and upper limb?
Axilla
What is the primary innervation of the deltoid muscle in the shoulder region?
Axillary nerve
Which feature of the scapula is crucial for the attachment of the long head of triceps muscle?
Infraglenoid Tubercle
Where does the Brachial Artery begin?
At the inferior border of teres major
Which artery travels in the spiral groove of the humerus with the radial nerve?
Deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii)
Which artery supplies muscles in the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces?
Superior thoracic artery
Which artery has branches that include acromial, deltoid, pectoral, and clavicular?
Thoracoacromial trunk
Where does the Subscapular artery have two terminal branches?
Posterior to pectoralis minor muscle
Which vessel is a terminal branch off the brachiocephalic trunk?
Subclavian artery
What is the primary function of the axillary sheath?
To provide a protective layer around the axillary vessels and brachial plexus
What is the primary role of the brachial plexus in the axillary region?
To innervate the muscles of the shoulder and upper arm
What is the primary function of the axillary artery in the axillary region?
To distribute blood flow to the muscles of the shoulder and upper arm
What is the primary function of the axillary vein in the axillary region?
To return deoxygenated blood from the upper limb to the heart
What is the significance of the axillary artery being divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle?
It provides a reference point for identifying the location of specific branches of the axillary artery
What is the significance of the axillary vein being located on the medial/anterior side of the axillary artery?
It enables the axillary vein to effectively return deoxygenated blood from the upper limb to the heart
Which artery supplies blood to the anterior forearm and palm?
Ulnar artery
What is the clinical importance of the collateral circulation around the scapula?
It allows for ligation of the subclavian or axillary artery without compromising blood flow to the upper extremity.
Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the collateral circulation around the scapula?
Ulnar artery
What is the consequence of ligating the axillary artery distal to the subscapular artery and proximal to the profunda brachii artery?
It will severely compromise blood flow to the upper extremity, potentially leading to gangrene.
Which artery supplies blood to the dorsum of the hand and palm?
Radial artery
Which of the following statements about the arterial anastomoses around the elbow is correct?
The ulnar collateral arteries participate in the anastomotic network around the elbow.
Match each muscle to the part of the scapula it is associated with
Supraglenoid tubercle = Long head of biceps brachii Clavicle = Trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major Coracoid process = Pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps femoris Subscapular fossa = Subscapularis
Match each muscle to the scapular structure it's associated with
Lesser tubercle = Subscapularis Medial lip = Teres major Deltoid tuberosity = Deltoid Intertubercular groove = Latissimus dorsi
Which of the following is not a movement of the scapula?
Circumduction
Match each border of the axilla with its contents
Apex = Cervicoaxillary canal (communication between neck and axilla) Anterior = Pectoralis major and minor Anterior axillary fold = P. major m. Posterior = Subscapularis (scapula), teres major, latissimus dorsi
Match each border of the axilla with its contents
Posterior axillary fold = Latissimus Dorsi & Teres major mm. Medial = Serratus anterior Lateral = Intertubercular groove (housing tendon of the long head of biceps brachii) Base = Skin and axillary fascia between arm and thoracic wall
Which of the following are not contents of the Axilla?
All of the following are found in the axilla
Match each muscle of the axilla to its origin/ insertion
Pectoralis major = O: Clavicular head (anterior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle; sternocostal head (anterior surface of sternum and upper 7 costal cartilages; sternal end of 6th rib/aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique/ I: Lateral lip of intertubercular groove/sulcus of humerus Pectoralis minor = O: Ribs 3-5 and deep fascia of related intercostal muscles/ I: Coracoid process Subclavius = O: 1st rib/ I: Groove on inferior surface of middle third of clavicle Serratus anterior = O: Lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8 and deep fascia of related intercostal muscles/ I: Costal surface of medial border of scapula
Match each muscle to its origin/insertion
Subscapularis = O: Medial two-thirds of subscapular fossa/ I: Lesser tubercle of humerus Teres Major = O: Elongate oval area on posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula (lower lateral border)/ I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove/ sulcus of humerus Latissimus dorsi = O: Spinous processes and interspinous ligaments of T6-T12; via thoracolumbar fascia to lumbar spinous processes and interspinous ligaments, iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs/ I: floor of intertubercular groove/sulcus Long head of triceps brachii = O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula/ I: Olecranon process
Match each muscle of the axilla with its innervation
Pectoralis minor = Medial pectoral nerve (C5-T1) Subclavius = Nerve to subclavius (C5-C6) Serratus Anterior = Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) Pectoralis major = Lateral/medial pectoral nerves (clavicular head C5-C6); sternocostal head (C6-T1)
Match each muscle of the axilla to its innervation
Latissimus dorsi = Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) Long head of triceps brachii = Radial nerve (C6-C8) Subscapularis = Upper/ lower subscapular nerves (C5-C6) Teres major = Lower/inferior subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
Match each muscle to its innervation
Pectoralis major = Adduction and medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint; clavicular head; flexes extended arm; sternocostal head; extends flexed arm Pectoralis minor = Depresses scapula (pulls tip of shoulder down), protracts scapula, anteriorly tilts scapula, elevates ribs, accessory muscle of respiration Subclavius = Depresses scapula (pulls tip of shoulder down); pulls clavicle medially to stabilize sternoclavicular joint, anteriorly tilts scapula Serratus anterior = Protracts and rotates scapula upward (glenoid-up); keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula apposed to thoracic wall
Match each muscle of the axillary to its action
Subscapularis = Medial rotation and extension of arm at glenohumeral joint Teres major = Medial rotation and extension of arm at glenohumeral joint Latissimus dorsi = Adduction, medial rotation, extension of arm at glenohumeral joint Long head of triceps brachii = Extension of forearm at elbow; accessory adductor and extensor of arm at glenohumeral joint
Match each space of the pectoral region to its contents
Suprascapular foramen = Suprascapular artery/nerve Triangular space = Circumflex scapular artery Triangular interval = Radial nerve/ Profunda brachii artery Quadrangular space = Axillary nerve/ posterior circumflex humeral artery/vein
Match each part of the axillary artery to its branches
Axillary artery part 1 = Superior thoracic artery: supplies muscles in the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces Axillary artery part 2 = Thoracoacromal trunk - pierces the clavipectoral fascia has four branches: - acromial, deltoid, pectoral, clavicular Axillary artery part 3 = Subscapular: has two terminal branches: Circumflex scapular (in triangular space), Thoracodorsal (to latissimus dorsi) Axillary artery part 2 = Lateral thoracic a. - supplying the pectoral muscles, lymph nodes and the breast
The union of which veins form the axillary vein?
A & C
Test your knowledge on the boundaries and contents of the axilla, muscles of the pectoral region, axillary artery and its branches, axillary lymph nodes, quadrangular space, triangular space, triangular interval, winging of the scapula, and their clinical importance.
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