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Questions and Answers
Which muscles form the anterior wall of the axilla?
Which muscles form the anterior wall of the axilla?
- Pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor muscle (correct)
- Intercostal muscles and coracobrachialis
- Subscapularis and teres major
- Bicipital groove and short head of biceps
What forms the base (or floor) of the axilla?
What forms the base (or floor) of the axilla?
- Pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor muscle
- Skin, superficial fascia, and deep fascia (correct)
- Subscapularis and teres major
- Upper four ribs and intercostal muscles
Which nerve contributes to a prefixed plexus in the brachial plexus?
Which nerve contributes to a prefixed plexus in the brachial plexus?
- C5
- T2
- C6
- C4 (correct)
What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?
What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?
What forms the apex (cervico-axillary canal) of the axilla?
What forms the apex (cervico-axillary canal) of the axilla?
Which muscles form the lateral wall of the axilla?
Which muscles form the lateral wall of the axilla?
What is the stage in the brachial plexus consisting of roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches?
What is the stage in the brachial plexus consisting of roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches?
Which nerve contributes to a postfixed plexus in the brachial plexus?
Which nerve contributes to a postfixed plexus in the brachial plexus?
What forms the medial wall of the axilla?
What forms the medial wall of the axilla?
What forms the base (or floor) of the axilla?
What forms the base (or floor) of the axilla?
Which muscles contribute to the formation of the posterior wall of the axilla?
Which muscles contribute to the formation of the posterior wall of the axilla?
What are the boundaries of the axilla?
What are the boundaries of the axilla?
Which muscles form the lateral wall of the axilla?
Which muscles form the lateral wall of the axilla?
What is the direction of the apex (cervico-axillary canal) of the axilla?
What is the direction of the apex (cervico-axillary canal) of the axilla?
How is a postfixed plexus in the brachial plexus defined?
How is a postfixed plexus in the brachial plexus defined?
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Study Notes
Axilla Structure and Boundaries
- Anterior wall of the axilla is formed by the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles.
- Base (or floor) of the axilla consists of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue over the axillary region.
- The medial wall is comprised of the thoracic wall and the serratus anterior muscle.
- Lateral wall is formed primarily by the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
- The apex (cervico-axillary canal) is bordered by the first rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula.
- Posterior wall of the axilla is formed by the subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles.
Brachial Plexus
- The brachial plexus encompasses five stages: roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches.
- A prefixed plexus is characterized by the contribution of an additional nerve, typically the C4 spinal nerve.
- A postfixed plexus includes contributions from the T2 spinal nerve.
Axillary Apex and Direction
- The apex of the axilla directs superiorly towards the neck.
- Boundaries of the axilla include the anterior wall, posterior wall, medial wall, lateral wall, and base.
Summary of Muscle Contributions
- Muscles forming the lateral wall: pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, and humerus.
- Overall muscle contributions to the walls provide the framework and support for the axillary region.
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