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Questions and Answers
Which structure does NOT exit from the axilla?
Which structure does NOT exit from the axilla?
What is the likely consequence of injury to the content of the axilla?
What is the likely consequence of injury to the content of the axilla?
Which of the following best describes the borders of the axilla?
Which of the following best describes the borders of the axilla?
Which muscles are mentioned as structures located inferiorly and medially to the thoracic wall in relation to the axilla?
Which muscles are mentioned as structures located inferiorly and medially to the thoracic wall in relation to the axilla?
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Which statement correctly describes the axillary artery?
Which statement correctly describes the axillary artery?
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What accurately reflects the termination of the axillary vein?
What accurately reflects the termination of the axillary vein?
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What structures pass through the axillary region to connect the neck and arm?
What structures pass through the axillary region to connect the neck and arm?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the arrangement of axillary lymph nodes?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the arrangement of axillary lymph nodes?
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Which part of the axillary artery has only a single branch?
Which part of the axillary artery has only a single branch?
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What constitutes the lateral border of the axilla?
What constitutes the lateral border of the axilla?
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What is the primary function of the axillary artery's anastomosis?
What is the primary function of the axillary artery's anastomosis?
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What anatomical structures form the anterior wall of the axilla?
What anatomical structures form the anterior wall of the axilla?
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Which of the following vessels drains into the axillary vein?
Which of the following vessels drains into the axillary vein?
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Where does the axillary artery terminate?
Where does the axillary artery terminate?
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Which of these is a group that arranges axillary lymph nodes?
Which of these is a group that arranges axillary lymph nodes?
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Study Notes
Axilla Overview
- Located between the arm and thorax, inferior to the glenohumeral joint.
- Serves as a passageway for neurovascular structures from the neck to the arm.
- Pyramidal structure, crucial for containing lymph nodes and neurovascular bundles.
- Significant in medical concerns like breast cancer.
Borders of the Axilla
- Apex: Formed by the 1st rib, clavicle, and superior border of the scapula.
- Base: Comprises skin and axillary fascia (armpit).
- Anterior Border: Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles.
- Posterior Border: Includes scapula, subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi.
- Medial Border: Composed of ribs 1-4 and intercostal muscles, serratus anterior.
- Lateral Border: Defined by the humerus.
Contents of the Axilla
- Lymph Nodes: Axillary lymph nodes drain lymph from the upper limb and portions of the thoracic wall, particularly the breast, and are arranged in five groups.
- Drains to supraclavicular nodes for further filtration.
Axillary Artery
- Enclosed in the axillary sheath (a thin fascial layer).
- Divided into three parts:
- Part 1: From the lateral border of the 1st rib to the medial border of pectoralis minor with one branch: Superior thoracic artery.
- Part 2: Located posterior to pectoralis minor with two branches: Thoraco-acromial artery (divided into pectoral, clavicular, acromial, and deltoid branches) and lateral thoracic artery (supplies the breast).
- Part 3: From the lateral border of pectoralis minor to the inferior border of teres major, with three branches: Subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posterior circumflex humeral artery.
- Forms anastomoses around the shoulder for alternative blood supply routes.
Termination of the Axillary Artery
- Transitions to the brachial artery at the inferior border of teres major, marking the site of the brachial pulse.
Axillary Vein
- Continuation of the basilic vein and merges as the subclavian vein at the lateral border of the 1st rib.
- Drains both superficial and deep venous networks, including tributaries from the cephalic vein, basilic vein, and median cubital vein.
- Variability in shape (H, N, W) at different locations, becoming more consistent at the cubital fossa.
Lymphatic Drainage
- Vital for immune system function, draining lymph from the upper extremity and contributing to overall systemic drainage.
- Presence of lymph vessels associated with surrounding veins ensures thorough drainage.
Clinical Implications
- Injuries or ligation of axillary contents can have significant implications for upper limb function and lymphatic drainage, particularly in the context of oncological assessments.
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Description
Explore the anatomy of the axilla, including its borders and contents. This quiz covers important structures such as lymph nodes, neurovascular bundles, and their significance in medical contexts, including breast cancer. Test your knowledge of this vital area between the arm and thorax.
