Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where is the main body of the mammary gland located?
Where is the main body of the mammary gland located?
What does the axillary process refer to?
What does the axillary process refer to?
Why is the axillary process significant in medical contexts?
Why is the axillary process significant in medical contexts?
Which lymph nodes primarily drain lymph from the medial quadrants of the breast?
Which lymph nodes primarily drain lymph from the medial quadrants of the breast?
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What can the extension of the axillary process reach?
What can the extension of the axillary process reach?
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If a mass was fixed to the underlying tissue, which muscle would be involved?
If a mass was fixed to the underlying tissue, which muscle would be involved?
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What is the relationship between the axillary process and breast cancer?
What is the relationship between the axillary process and breast cancer?
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What anatomical structure helps form all plexuses in the body?
What anatomical structure helps form all plexuses in the body?
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Which nerve passes posterior to the axillary artery?
Which nerve passes posterior to the axillary artery?
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What is the anatomical configuration of the lateral cord?
What is the anatomical configuration of the lateral cord?
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Which division is NOT part of the posterior divisions?
Which division is NOT part of the posterior divisions?
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What is the orientation of the anterior division of the upper trunk?
What is the orientation of the anterior division of the upper trunk?
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Which of the following nerves is associated with the upper trunk?
Which of the following nerves is associated with the upper trunk?
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What characterizes the anterior division of the lower trunk?
What characterizes the anterior division of the lower trunk?
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Which structure is associated with the posterior cord?
Which structure is associated with the posterior cord?
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Which roots correspond to the medial cord?
Which roots correspond to the medial cord?
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Study Notes
Axilla
- Pyramid-shaped space for nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
- Contains major vessels, nerves, and lymphatics of the upper limb
- Contains axillary lymph nodes
- Contains axillary processes of the breast
- Contains proximal parts of biceps and coracobrachialis muscles
- Has an apex (upper end) and a base (lower end)
Axillary Artery
- Continuation of the subclavian artery
- Divides into three branches:
- Superior thoracic artery
- Lateral thoracic artery
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Medial/Posterior
- branches for the breast
Axillary Vein
- Continuation of the basilic vein
- Passes through the medial and anterior to the axillary artery
- Becomes the subclavian vein
- Has tributaries (smaller veins)
- Collects blood from the arm and upper extremities
Axillary Lymph Nodes
- Collect lymph from the upper limb, lower neck, upper back, chest (upper abdominal wall), and breast
- Divided into 5 groups based on location:
- Humeral (lateral)
- Pectoral (anterior)
- Central
- Subscapular (posterior)
- Apical
Brachial Plexus
- Network of nerves formed by ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1
- Divided into roots, trunks, divisions, and cords
- Roots: spinal nerves C5-T1
- Trunks:
- Superior trunk
- Middle trunk
- Inferior trunk
- Divisions:
- Anterior divisions
- Posterior divisions
- Cords:
- Lateral cord
- Medial cord
- Posterior cord
- Branches:
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Median nerve
- Axillary nerve
- Radial nerve
- Ulnar nerve
Axillary Process of the Breast
- Extension of the mammary gland along the inferior margin of the pectoralis major muscle towards the axilla.
- Can sometimes pass around the margin of this muscle to penetrate the deep fascia and enter the axilla. This process rarely reaches the apex of the axilla.
- Important because it contains breast tissue and is close to lymph nodes in the armpit; both relevant to breast cancer spread.
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Description
Explore the anatomical features of the axilla, including its major nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic structures. This quiz covers the axillary artery, vein, and lymph nodes, providing insight into their functions and connections in the upper limb. Perfect for students of anatomy and healthcare professionals.
