Epaxial Structures
46 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of epaxial muscles?

  • Extension of the vertebral column (correct)
  • Rotation of the vertebral column
  • Flexion of the vertebral column
  • Stabilization of the limbs

    • Which muscle is NOT part of the iliocostalis system?

  • Iliocostalis cervicis
  • Iliocostalis thoracis
  • Longissimus cervicis (correct)
  • Iliocostalis lumborum

    • What is the ventral boundary of the external jugular vein?

  • Sternocephalicus muscle (correct)
  • Brachiocephalicus muscle
  • Splenius muscle
  • Serratus dorsalis cranialis muscle

    • Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in inspiration?

    <p>Transverse thoracis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dorsal boundary of the external jugular vein?

    <p>Brachiocephalicus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle system is innervated by the dorsal branch of spinal nerves?

    <p>Epaxial muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the muscles of expiration?

    <p>Breathing out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the epaxial muscles?

    <p>Serratus dorsalis cranialis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the splenius muscle?

    <p>Extending the neck and raising the head; unilaterally draws the head and neck laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles courses from T4-T2 to the caudal aspect of the skull?

    <p>Semispinalis capitis biventer cervicis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common action of the semispinalis capitis muscles?

    <p>Extending the neck and raising the head; unilaterally draws the head and neck laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of hypaxial muscle?

    <p>Back muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the neck hypaxial muscles?

    <p>Ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT a neck hypaxial muscle?

    <p>Scalenus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general action of the hypaxial muscles?

    <p>Flexing the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a subcategory of hypaxial muscles?

    <p>Sublumbar muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the iliocostalis system in relation to the vertebral column?

    <p>Fixation of the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the iliocostalis system when one side of the muscle contracts?

    <p>Lateral movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the iliocostalis system in respiration?

    <p>Aids in expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the longissimus system in relation to the iliocostalis system?

    <p>Medial to the iliocostalis system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the longissimus system?

    <p>Extension and flexion of the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is part of the transversospinalis system?

    <p>Splenius muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the splenius muscle originate from?

    <p>T2-T3 spinous processes and median raphe of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the splenius muscle?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is located along the ventral vertebral bodies from C6 to the skull?

    <p>Longus capitis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dorsal boundary of the cervical visceral space composed of?

    <p>Longus capitus and longus colli muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides motor innervation to the Cleidocephalicus and Trapezius muscles?

    <p>Accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is part of the cervical viscera?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is composed of the common carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk, and internal jugular vein?

    <p>Carotid sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation from the cranioventral part of the neck?

    <p>Transverse cervical (colli) nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the neck hypaxial muscles?

    <p>Flexing the atlanto-occipital joint and drawing the neck downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is located along the ventral vertebral bodies from T6 to C1 (atlas)?

    <p>Longus colli muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the letter to the correct term.

    <p>B = Hypaxial muscles Free match 1 = Free match 1 Free match 2 = Free match 2 A = Epaxial muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number to the correct term.

    <p>1 = Iliocostalis thoracis 2 = Iliocostalis lumborum Free match 1 = Free match 1 Free match 2 = Free match 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number to the correct term, in regards to epaxial muscles.

    <p>3 = Longissimus thoracis et lumborum 4 = Longissimus system 1 = Longissimus capitis 2 = Longissimus cervicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the letter to the correct term, in regards to epaxial muscles.

    <p>A = Transversospinalis system B = Semispinalis capitis muscle C = Semispinalis capitis biventer cervicis muscle D = Semispinalis capitis complexus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is represented by number 1 in this image?

    <p>Splenius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number to the correct term, in regards to epaxial muscles.

    <p>2 = Semispinalis capitis complexus Free match 1 = Free match 1 Free match 2 = Free match 2 1 = Semispinalis capitis biventer cervicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the letter to the correct term, in regards to hypaxial muscles.

    <p>A = Longus capitis B = Sternothyroideus C = Sternohyoideus D = External intercostal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number to the correct term, in regards to hypaxial muscles.

    <p>E = Rectus abdominis F = Internal abdominal oblique G = Pelvic outlet muscles H = Ventral tail muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number to the correct term, in regards to cervical hypaxial muscles.

    <p>1 = Sternohyoideus muscle 2 = Longus colli and capitis muscles 3 = Longus capitis muscle 4 = Longus colli muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the letter to the correct term, in regards to cervical viscera.

    <p>A = Thyroid and parathyroid glands B = Recurrent laryngeal nerves C = Vagosympathetic trunk D = Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the letter to the correct term, in regards to cervical viscera.

    <p>F = Internal jugular vein G = Trachea E = Common carotid artery Free match = Free match</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is being represented by letter "A" in this image?

    <p>External jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is being represented by number 1 in this image?

    <p>Accessory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number to the correct term, in regards to cervical nerves.

    <p>1 = Great auricular nerve 2 = Transverse cervical (colli) nerve 3 = Ventral branch of C2 spinal nerve Free match = Free match</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Axial Structures: General Info

    • Axial muscles encompass muscles of the trunk and neck.
    • Axial muscles can be epaxial or hypaxial.

    Axial Muscles: External Jugular Vein

    • The external jugular vein has a dorsal and ventral boundary.
    • Dorsal boundary: Brachiocephalicus (cleidocephalicus muscle - cervical part).
    • Ventral boundary: Sternocephalicus muscle.

    Muscles of Inspiration and Expiration

    • Muscles of inspiration: Diaphragm, serratus dorsalis cranialis, scalenus, and rectus thoracis muscles.
    • Inspiration involves breathing in.
    • Muscles of expiration: Serratus dorsalis caudalis, transverse thoracis, abdominal muscles, and iliocostalis (epaxial) muscles.
    • Expiration involves breathing out.

    Epaxial Muscles: General Info

    • Epaxial muscles lie dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebra.
    • They act as extensors of the vertebral column (neck, trunk, tail).
    • Epaxial muscles produce lateral movements when acting on one side and stabilize the vertebral column.
    • Epaxial muscles are innervated by the dorsal branch of spinal nerves.
    • The 3 systems of epaxial muscles include: iliocostalis, longissimus, and transversospinalis systems.

    Epaxial Muscles: Iliocostalis System

    • Iliocostalis system is the most lateral epaxial muscle system.
    • It courses between the ilium and the C7 vertebra.
    • Iliocostalis system consists of iliocostalis lumborum and iliocostalis thoracis muscles.
    • Actions: fixation of the vertebral column, lateral movement, and aids in expiration by pulling ribs caudally.

    Epaxial Muscles: Longissimus System

    • Longissimus system is located medial to the iliocostalis system.
    • It extends from the ilium to the head (mastoid process of the skull).
    • Longissimus system consists of longissimus thoracis et lumborum, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus capitis muscles.
    • Action: extension and flexion of the vertebral column.

    Epaxial Muscles: Transversospinalis System

    • Transversospinalis system is the most medial epaxial muscle system.
    • It courses between the sacrum and the head.
    • Muscles of the transversospinalis system include: splenius, semispinalis capitis biventer cervicis, and semispinalis capitis complexus muscles.
    • Actions: extension and flexion of the vertebral column, lateral movement, and raises the head.

    Hypaxial Muscles: General Info

    • Hypaxial muscles lie ventral to the transverse processes of the vertebra.
    • They act as flexors of the vertebral column.
    • Hypaxial muscles include cervical, thoracic, and abdominal muscles.

    Hypaxial Muscles: Neck Muscles

    • Neck muscles: longus capitus, longus coli, and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
    • Actions: flexing the atlanto-occipital joint, and drawing the neck downward.

    Cervical Viscera

    • Cervical viscera is composed of the trachea, esophagus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands.
    • Ventral boundary: Sternocephalicus, sternohyoideus, and sternothyroideus muscles.
    • Dorsal boundary: Longus capitus, and longus colli muscles.

    Major Cervical (Region) Nerves

    • Accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11) provides motor innervation to cleidocephalicus, omotransversarius, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius muscles.
    • Second cervical spinal nerve (C2), ventral branch: Great auricular nerve (sensory innervation) and Transverse cervical (colli) nerve (sensory innervation).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    3- Epaxial Structures.docx

    Description

    Learn about the muscles of the trunk and neck, including epaxial and hypaxial muscles, and their boundaries. Test your knowledge of the muscles of inspiration and more.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser