Axial Skeleton Quiz/Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of the frontal bone?

Bony skeleton of nose

Bone forming anterior cranium (correct)

Cheekbone

Upper jaw

What is the cheekbone called?

zygomatic

What is the upper jaw called?

maxilla

What bone forms the bony skeleton of the nose?

nasal Signup and view all the answers

What forms the posterior roof of the mouth?

palatine Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are united by the sagittal suture?

parietal Signup and view all the answers

Where is the site of the jugular foramen and carotid canal?

temporal Signup and view all the answers

What contains a 'saddle' that houses the pituitary gland?

sphenoid Signup and view all the answers

Which bone allows tear ducts to pass?

lacrimal Signup and view all the answers

What bone forms most of the hard palate?

maxilla Signup and view all the answers

Which bone has the superior and medial nasal conchae?

ethmoid Signup and view all the answers

Where is the site of the external auditory meatus?

temporal Signup and view all the answers

What has greater and lesser wings?

sphenoid Signup and view all the answers

Which bone allows olfactory fibers to pass through its 'holey' plate?

ethmoid Signup and view all the answers

What facial bone contains a sinus?

mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial bones contain paranasal sinuses?

sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal Signup and view all the answers

What are the oval-shaped protrusions that articulate with the atlas?

occipital Signup and view all the answers

Through what does the spinal cord pass in the occipital bone?

large opening Signup and view all the answers

The hyoid is classified as a skull bone.

False Signup and view all the answers

What forms the chin?

mandible Signup and view all the answers

What forms the inferior part of the nasal septum?

vomer Signup and view all the answers

Which bones contain alveoli bearing teeth?

maxilla, mandible Signup and view all the answers

Name the three major components of the Axial Skeleton.

skull, vertebral column, bony thorax Signup and view all the answers

What structure(s) does the skull protect?

the brain Signup and view all the answers

What structure(s) does the vertebral column protect?

the spinal column Signup and view all the answers

What structure(s) does the bony thorax protect?

the organs Signup and view all the answers

Define 'suture'.

an interlocking and immovable joint Signup and view all the answers

With one exception, all the skull bones are joined together by sutures. What is this exception?

the mandible is joined together by a freely movable joint Signup and view all the answers

What connects the parietal bones?

sagittal suture Signup and view all the answers

What connects the parietal and frontal bones?

coronal suture Signup and view all the answers

What connects the temporal bones?

squamous suture Signup and view all the answers

What connects the occipital and parietal bones?

lambdoid suture Signup and view all the answers

What eight bones compose the cranium?

ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the sinuses?

lighten the skull bones, amplify sounds Signup and view all the answers

What are orbits?

eye sockets Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Sphenoid Bone considered the 'keystone' of the cranial floor?

it holds the cranium together Signup and view all the answers

Compare the adult and fetal skulls.

the adult skull is 1/8 of total length and the fetal skull is 1/11 of total length Signup and view all the answers

What are fontanels?

fibrous membranes on a baby's head Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of a fontanel?

22 months (2 years) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fetal fontanel?

enable the bony plates of the skull to flex and flow through the birth canal Signup and view all the answers

What vertebral type has a forked spinous process?

cervical vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra lacks a body?

atlas Signup and view all the answers

What vertebrae bear facets for articulation with ribs?

thoracic vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What forms a joint with the hip bone?

sacrum Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra has a block-like body and short stout spinous process?

lumbar vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the tailbone called?

coccyx Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tissue makes up the intervertebral disks?

fibrocartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the thoracic cage?

cone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Axial Skeleton Overview

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.
It plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs like the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs.

Skull Components

Frontal Bone: Forms the anterior part of the cranium.
Zygomatic Bone: Also known as the cheekbone.
Maxilla: Forms the upper jaw and most of the hard palate.
Nasal Bone: Comprises the bony skeleton of the nose.
Palatine Bone: Makes up the posterior roof of the mouth.
Parietal Bones: A pair of bones united by the sagittal suture.
Temporal Bone: Contains jugular foramen and carotid canal; site of external auditory meatus.
Sphenoid Bone: Houses the pituitary gland in its saddle structure, features greater and lesser wings.
Lacrimal Bone: Enables passage for tear ducts.
Ethmoid Bone: Contains superior and medial nasal conchae; has a "holey" plate for olfactory fibers.
Mandible: The lower jaw that forms the chin, contains a sinus, and is held together by a freely movable joint (exception among skull bones).
Occipital Bone: Oval-shaped protrusions articulate with the atlas; features a large opening for the spinal cord.

Nasal Structures

Vomer: Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum.

Bone Sutures

Suture: An interlocking immovable joint connecting skull bones.
Sagittal Suture: Connects the parietal bones.
Coronal Suture: Connects the parietal and frontal bones.
Squamous Suture: Connects the temporal bones.
Lambdoid Suture: Connects the occipital and parietal bones.

Fetal vs Adult Skull

The adult skull accounts for 1/8 of body length, while the fetal skull is 1/11.
Fontanels: Fibrous membranes on a baby's head that allow for skull flexion during childbirth; typically close by 22 months.

Vertebral Column

Cervical Vertebrae: Characterized by a forked spinous process.
Atlas: The first cervical vertebra, notable for lacking a body.
Thoracic Vertebrae: Bear facets for rib articulation, contributing to the bony thoracic cage.
Lumbar Vertebrae: Larger, block-like body with a short stout spinous process.
Sacrum: Connects with the hip bone.
Coccyx: The tailbone, a small triangular bone at the base of the vertebral column.
Intervertebral Disks: Composed of fibrocartilage, providing cushioning between vertebrae.

Thoracic Cage

The thoracic cage has a cone shape, functioning to protect the organs within the thorax.
Sinuses lighten skull bones and amplify sound.

Miscellaneous

Three cranial bones - sphenoid, frontal, and ethmoid - contain paranasal sinuses.
The entire structural integrity relies on the interconnected design of the skull bones, with the sphenoid bone often referred to as the "keystone" of the cranial floor.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the axial skeleton with these flashcards! This quiz covers essential bones such as the frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, and more. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for exams.