Aviation Concepts on Glide Path
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Aviation Concepts on Glide Path

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU)?

  • To generate signals for the antenna system.
  • To monitor the signal intensity of individual antennas.
  • To split signals from the transmitter and distribute them to antennas. (correct)
  • To prevent signal loss during transmission.

    • What essential monitoring does the Localizer Monitoring system ensure?

  • Maintaining constant temperature within the antenna unit.
  • Increasing the power of transmitters.
  • Minimizing distance between antennas.
  • High degree of ILS signals availability. (correct)

    • Which component of the system is responsible for creating monitor signals like CL, DS, and CLR?

  • Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU)
  • Localizer Monitoring Unit (LMU)
  • Monitor Combining Unit (MCU) (correct)
  • Signal Distribution Unit (SDU)

    • What is the primary purpose of the near-field antenna in the monitoring system?

    <p>To detect mechanical changes in the antenna array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a monitored parameter by the integral monitor?

    <p>Signal Frequency (SF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of the Monitor Combining Unit allows for adjustments of the CL and DS signals?

    <p>Line phase shifters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a feature of the localizer monitoring philosophy?

    <p>It includes fail-safe monitor circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the CL phaser in the ADU?

    <p>To fine adjust the electrical center line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the GP near field monitor?

    <p>To measure variations of the radiated signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the proximity of the monitor antenna affect the phase error?

    <p>It causes a large phase error due to path length differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key components housed within the Monitor Combining Units?

    <p>Attenuators and phase shifters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ILS cabinet, what does the Tx Controller primarily manage?

    <p>The decision to turn off the transmitters based on monitor signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the adjustable power dividers in the M-array system?

    <p>To optimize the system to a specific site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from adding monitor probe signals from each antenna element?

    <p>A monitored signal in proper amplitude and phase relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the alarm signal in the monitor system indicate?

    <p>That at least one signal is outside its tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the block diagram in the ILS cabinet represent?

    <p>The interconnections between major components and signal flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the glide path angle defined as?

    <p>The angle between the glide path course line and the horizontal plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the glide path sector?

    <p>It includes the glide path between 0.07q and 0.14q.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of ILS provides guidance information at an altitude of 200 ft from the ground?

    <p>CAT I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a DDM of 0.0875 correspond to in terms of displacement sensitivity?

    <p>Nominal angular displacement sensitivity above the glide path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the operational performance category of the ILS?

    <p>Airport elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ILS system specifications?

    <p>To satisfy the requirements set by national authorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of glide path, what does a DDM of 0 signify?

    <p>The location of the runway center line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher operational performance category in ILS allow?

    <p>Approaches down to lower minimums.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a clearance transmitter in glide path systems?

    <p>To overcome low signal strength at angles below one degree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the clearance signal utilize capture effect in airborne receivers?

    <p>By operating on a slightly different carrier frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant modulation frequency of the clearance signal?

    <p>150 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do reflections of the clearance signal have on the glide path?

    <p>They have no significant effect on the glide path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glide path antenna system type requires a reflection plane in front of it?

    <p>Null-reference system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Monitor Network do with the signals from the pickup probes?

    <p>It combines the signals into a single output signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the choice of glide path antenna system according to site topography?

    <p>The size of the area needed for effective coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the far field glide path angle in the monitoring process?

    <p>It helps in simulating specific monitor points accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the VHF-Omni directional Radio Range (VOR)?

    <p>To provide the magnetic bearing of an aircraft relative to a reference point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency band does VOR operate within?

    <p>108 to 118 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an aircraft determine its magnetic bearing using VOR signals?

    <p>By analyzing the phase difference between variable and reference phase signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the variable phase signal when an aircraft changes its position clockwise around the VOR?

    <p>It is delayed relative to the reference phase signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the phase difference when an aircraft is positioned at magnetic north relative to the VOR?

    <p>The phases are identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What total degrees of delay in the variable phase signal occurs when an aircraft completes a clockwise full turn about the VOR?

    <p>360 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the variable phase signal and the reference phase signal?

    <p>The reference phase signal is constant, while the variable phase signal changes with bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of VOR as an ICAO standardized navigation system?

    <p>It requires pilot intervention to function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glide Path System Overview

    • The Glide Path Course Line (CL) is the locus of points where the DDM (Deviations from Desired Modulation) is zero.
    • Glide Path Angle is the angle between the glide path course line and the horizontal plane.
    • Glide Path Sector refers to the vertical plane containing the course line, defined by points where DDM is 0.175.
    • Displacement Sensitivity (DS) corresponds to a nominal angular displacement sensitivity of a DDM of 0.0875, covering angular displacements between 0.07q and 0.14q.

    System Specifications and Performance

    • ILS (Instrument Landing System) specifications must meet national authorities' requirements, commonly based on ICAO standards.
    • Operational performance categories vary based on traffic density, weather, and obstructions; higher categories enable operations at lower minimums.
    • CAT I provides reliable guidance at a height of 60 m (200 ft) or above to reduce cable loss.

    Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU)

    • ADU splits the transmitter's four signals for distribution to antennas with individual phase and amplitude.
    • Includes monitoring circuits for antennas and cables.

    Monitor Combining Unit (MCU)

    • MCU combines signal samples from antennas, producing monitor signals: CL (center line), DS (displacement sensitivity), and CLR (clearance).
    • Contains line phase shifters for fine-tuning CL and DS signals.

    Localizer Monitoring Strategies

    • Monitoring focuses on ensuring ILS signal availability and essential parameter correlation with far-field assessments.
    • Monitored using a near field antenna positioned 50 to 200 meters ahead to detect mechanical changes.
    • Integral monitor detects any shifts in CL, CLR, DS, SDM, and RF due to the antenna system or transmitter variations.
    • A "fly-up" signal transmitter compensates for low elevations by maintaining adequate signal coverage at angles below one degree.

    Glide Path Antenna Systems

    • Clearance signal broadcasts at 150 Hz modulation with a DDM of approximately 40%, safeguarded by capture effects against signal reflections.
    • Various glide path antenna types (Null-reference, Sideband-reference, M-array) depend on site topography.

    Glide Path Monitoring

    • Integral monitoring uses pickup probes to relay proportional signals from antennas into a monitor network, simulating far-field parameters.
    • Near field monitoring detects variations in radiated signals caused by ground condition changes or mechanical misalignment, impacted by phase error due to short distances from antennas.

    System Interconnectivity

    • Main signal flows between ILS cabinet components are illustrated through block diagrams detailing signal processing and monitoring efficiency.
    • RF signal monitoring focuses on detection and validation against tolerance levels, triggering alarm signals to the Tx controller for operational decisions.

    Doppler VHF Omni Range (DVOR) Overview

    • VOR operates within 108 to 118 MHz, providing magnetic bearings for aircraft relative to a reference point, acting as a standardized en-route navigation system.
    • It employs both variable phase and reference phase signals to calculate magnetic bearing based on phase differences.
    • Phase synchronization occurs when receiving signals align with magnetic north; discrepancies appear as the aircraft moves around the VOR.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts related to glide path angles and course lines in aviation. This quiz covers definitions and principles relevant to airmen and their understanding of vertical planes in relation to runways. Test your knowledge and enhance your expertise in aviation navigation.

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