Avian Viral Hepatitis
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Questions and Answers

What is the basis for diagnosing aflatoxicosis in livestock?

  • Clinical signs and liver lesions (correct)
  • Liver lesions and biosecurity measures
  • Clinical signs and laboratory detection of aflatoxins in milk
  • Laboratory detection of aflatoxins in feed batches
  • In the context of treating aflatoxicosis, what should be done if animals are immunosuppressed?

  • Consider antimicrobial therapy for infectious processes (correct)
  • Reduce protein and vitamin intake
  • Administer mycotoxin binders
  • Increase aflatoxin-contaminated feed intake
  • Why is it important to avoid aflatoxin-contaminated feed during drought or widespread contamination?

  • To increase milk production
  • To prevent absorption of aflatoxin in the gut
  • To improve biosecurity measures
  • To reduce contamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk (correct)
  • Which mycotoxin binder is generally recognized to be effective in binding aflatoxin in feed?

    <p>Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metabolites are aflatoxins?

    <p>Bisfuranocoumarins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is mold growth typically sufficient for the production of aflatoxins?

    <p>&gt;21.1°C (70°F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HSCAs in reducing aflatoxin effects in animals?

    <p>Bind aflatoxins and reduce absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should aflatoxin-contaminated feed be avoided in lactating animals?

    <p>Risk of aflatoxin M1 residue in milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do sodium bentonites and polymeric glucomannans affect aflatoxin residues in poultry and dairy cattle?

    <p>Have partial efficacy in reducing residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of aflatoxins on different species?

    <p>Liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are mycotoxin binders like hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates used in animal feed?

    <p>To mitigate adverse effects of mycotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for not using aflatoxin-contaminated feed in lactating animals?

    <p>To prevent aflatoxin M1 residue in milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the major target of aflatoxin toxicity?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of aflatoxins?

    <p>Diffuse liver fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are acutely affected animals by aflatoxin toxicity identified?

    <p>Increase in liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected in the urine, liver, kidney, or milk of lactating animals with high aflatoxin intakes?

    <p>Aflatoxin M1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method to reduce aflatoxin contamination in grain?

    <p>Cleaning to remove lightweight or broken grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT currently approved by the US FDA for use in food animals to reduce aflatoxin contamination?

    <p>Ammoniation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aflatoxin is recognized as the predominant toxin found in crops?

    <p>Aflatoxin B1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organ are aflatoxins metabolized to an epoxide that binds to macromolecules?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable regulatory concentration range for aflatoxins in milk in different countries?

    <p>0.05-0.5 ppb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are relatively resistant to the acute form of aflatoxicosis?

    <p>Adult cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific laboratory change is associated with liver damage due to aflatoxins?

    <p>Increased AST concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what dietary concentration do aflatoxins generally cause acute clinical disease, including mortality?

    <p>&lt;= 50 ppb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary effects of reduced protein synthesis due to aflatoxins?

    <p>Reduced production of essential metabolic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are susceptible if toxic diets containing aflatoxins are fed over long periods?

    <p>Cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of outbreaks are more usual in animals suffering from aflatoxicosis?

    <p>Subacute outbreaks with reduced growth and feed efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ affected by high dosages of aflatoxins?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

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