Avian Viral Hepatitis
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Questions and Answers

What is the basis for diagnosing aflatoxicosis in livestock?

  • Clinical signs and liver lesions (correct)
  • Liver lesions and biosecurity measures
  • Clinical signs and laboratory detection of aflatoxins in milk
  • Laboratory detection of aflatoxins in feed batches

In the context of treating aflatoxicosis, what should be done if animals are immunosuppressed?

  • Consider antimicrobial therapy for infectious processes (correct)
  • Reduce protein and vitamin intake
  • Administer mycotoxin binders
  • Increase aflatoxin-contaminated feed intake

Why is it important to avoid aflatoxin-contaminated feed during drought or widespread contamination?

  • To increase milk production
  • To prevent absorption of aflatoxin in the gut
  • To improve biosecurity measures
  • To reduce contamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk (correct)

Which mycotoxin binder is generally recognized to be effective in binding aflatoxin in feed?

<p>Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metabolites are aflatoxins?

<p>Bisfuranocoumarins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature is mold growth typically sufficient for the production of aflatoxins?

<p>&gt;21.1°C (70°F) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HSCAs in reducing aflatoxin effects in animals?

<p>Bind aflatoxins and reduce absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should aflatoxin-contaminated feed be avoided in lactating animals?

<p>Risk of aflatoxin M1 residue in milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do sodium bentonites and polymeric glucomannans affect aflatoxin residues in poultry and dairy cattle?

<p>Have partial efficacy in reducing residues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of aflatoxins on different species?

<p>Liver damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are mycotoxin binders like hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates used in animal feed?

<p>To mitigate adverse effects of mycotoxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for not using aflatoxin-contaminated feed in lactating animals?

<p>To prevent aflatoxin M1 residue in milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the major target of aflatoxin toxicity?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of aflatoxins?

<p>Diffuse liver fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are acutely affected animals by aflatoxin toxicity identified?

<p>Increase in liver enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be detected in the urine, liver, kidney, or milk of lactating animals with high aflatoxin intakes?

<p>Aflatoxin M1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method to reduce aflatoxin contamination in grain?

<p>Cleaning to remove lightweight or broken grains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT currently approved by the US FDA for use in food animals to reduce aflatoxin contamination?

<p>Ammoniation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aflatoxin is recognized as the predominant toxin found in crops?

<p>Aflatoxin B1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organ are aflatoxins metabolized to an epoxide that binds to macromolecules?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceptable regulatory concentration range for aflatoxins in milk in different countries?

<p>0.05-0.5 ppb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are relatively resistant to the acute form of aflatoxicosis?

<p>Adult cattle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific laboratory change is associated with liver damage due to aflatoxins?

<p>Increased AST concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what dietary concentration do aflatoxins generally cause acute clinical disease, including mortality?

<p>&lt;= 50 ppb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary effects of reduced protein synthesis due to aflatoxins?

<p>Reduced production of essential metabolic enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are susceptible if toxic diets containing aflatoxins are fed over long periods?

<p>Cattle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of outbreaks are more usual in animals suffering from aflatoxicosis?

<p>Subacute outbreaks with reduced growth and feed efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ affected by high dosages of aflatoxins?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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