9 Questions
What is the primary route of administration for Zanamivir?
Inhalation
Which underlying health condition is noted to be a concern for the use of Zanamivir?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which of the following drugs are H5N1 resistant to?
Rimantadine
What is the function of the viral M2 protein that is targeted by adamantane antivirals?
Uncoating of the virus particle
What is a common adverse effect associated with Amantadine?
Seizures
Which drug is associated with fewer CNS reactions?
Rimantadine
What are both Amantadine and Rimantadine known to cause that requires caution in pregnant and nursing mothers?
Gastrointestinal intolerance
How is Rimantadine metabolized in the body?
By the liver
For which condition should Amantadine be used cautiously?
Cerebral atherosclerosis
Study Notes
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Treatment Options
- H5N1 virus is resistant to Amantadine and Rimantadine, but Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relanza) may be effective in treating influenza caused by H5N1 virus.
Adamantane Antivirals (Amantadine and Rimantadine)
- Limited therapeutic spectrum, only effective against influenza infections.
- Widespread resistance to these drugs has developed.
- Mechanism of action: Interfere with viral M2 protein function, blocking uncoating of the virus particle and preventing viral release within infected cells.
Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects
- Both Amantadine and Rimantadine are well absorbed after oral administration.
- Rimantadine is extensively metabolized by the liver, and both metabolites and the parent drug are eliminated by the kidney.
- Adverse effects:
- Amantadine: CNS effects like insomnia, dizziness, ataxia, hallucinations, and seizures.
- Cautious use in patients with psychiatric problems, cerebral atherosclerosis, renal impairment, or epilepsy.
- Rimantadine: fewer CNS reactions, GI intolerance.
- Both drugs: use with caution in pregnant and nursing mothers.
This quiz covers the treatment and vaccination options for Avian Influenza (H5N1) virus in humans, including the effectiveness of antivirals such as Oseltamivir and Zanamivir.
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