Clinical Signs and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza in Birds Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of lesions were observed in the lymphoid tissue (spleen, LN)?

Necrosis, edema, and slight hemorrhage (correct)

Degeneration of epithelial cells

Vasculitis of uterine blood vessels

Necrotizing vasculitis involving male reproductive organs

What was contained within the macrophages of the lymph node and splenic sinuses?

Neutrophils and macrophages

Histocytes and lymphocytes

EAV Ag (correct)

Histoplasma capsulatum

What type of inflammation was observed in the male reproductive tract?

Vasculitis of uterine blood vessels

Necrotizing vasculitis involving male reproductive organs (correct)

Edema, mild hemorrhage, and infiltration of neutrophils

Interstitial pneumonia

Which area showed generalized vasculitis involving various organs?

Allanto-chorion Signup and view all the answers

What was inconsistently detectable within tissues of aborted fetuses?

EAV Ag Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the female reproductive tract was necrotizing myometritis observed?

Propria Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen in the body?

Catalase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of superoxide dismutase in the body?

To neutralize superoxide radicals Signup and view all the answers

What type of fatty acids are mainly absorbed in the upper small intestine of ruminant animals?

Saturated fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What procedure involves encapsulating small amounts of fats or oils in a thin layer of formaldehyde-treated protein?

Protecting fats Signup and view all the answers

Which micronutrient acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the body?

Selenium Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vitamin E in the body?

To protect cell membranes from oxidative damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of glutathione in cellular antioxidant protection?

To help recycle other antioxidants like vitamin C and E Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lipid peroxides in the body?

Peroxidase Signup and view all the answers

What plant chemicals are known for their antioxidant properties?

Polyphenols, isothiocyanates, carotenoids Signup and view all the answers

How do rumen microorganisms contribute to fatty acid synthesis in ruminant animals?

By synthesizing fatty acids from propionate and other fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Equine Viral Diseases

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)
- Definition: A highly contagious viral disease affecting horses, characterized by respiratory, cardiac, and reproductive signs
- Etiology: RNA virus (Arterivirus)
- Transmission: Inhalation of infected droplets, direct contact, or fomites
- Clinical signs: Fever, dyspnea, cough, anorexia, conjunctivitis, and abortion
- Pathogenesis: Infection of endothelial cells, leading to vasculitis, edema, and hemorrhages
- Gross lesions: Pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, and pericardial and epicardial petechial hemorrhages
- Histopathology: Alveolar edema, vasculitis, and necrosis of endothelial cells
Equine Influenza Virus (EIV)
- Definition: A highly contagious respiratory viral disease of equines, characterized by fever, dyspnea, cough, and serous nasal discharge
- Etiology: RNA virus (Influenza A, B, and C)
- Transmission: Inhalation of infected droplets
- Clinical signs: Fever, dyspnea, cough, serous nasal discharge, and edema of lymph nodes
- Pathogenesis: Infection of ciliated mucosal epithelium, leading to mucosal hyperemia, edema, inflammation, necrosis, erosion, and ulceration
- Gross lesions: Congestion, edema, petechial hemorrhage, erosion, and ulceration in the upper respiratory tract
Equine Herpes Viruses (EHV)
- Definition: Important equine viral diseases causing abortion, respiratory, and neurological signs
- Etiology: EHV-1, EHV-4, and EHV-3
- Transmission: Direct contact, indirect contact, or inhalation
- Clinical signs: Fever, cough, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and abortion
- Pathogenesis: Infection of endothelial cells, leading to vasculitis, edema, and hemorrhages
- Gross lesions: Pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, and pericardial and epicardial petechial hemorrhages
Equine Coital Exanthema (ECE)
- Definition: A venereal disease of horses caused by EHV-3
- Transmission: Venereal transmission
- Clinical signs: Vesicles, pustules, erosions, and ulcers in the genital tract
- Pathogenesis: Infection of epithelial cells, leading to hydropic degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation
- Gross lesions: Vesicles, pustules, erosions, and ulcers in the genital tract

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Description

Test your knowledge on the clinical signs and pathogenesis of avian influenza in birds. Identify the symptoms and progression of this common avian disease.