Avian Influenza Transmission and Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

The treatment for animal bites includes injecting ______ first

antitoxin

To achieve muscular relaxation, injection of ______ is necessary

relaxants

Proper hygiene and cleanliness should be observed during castration and other ______ procedures

surgical

Sheep should be given 2 injections based ______ weeks apart to develop immunity

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is advisable to carry out two vaccinations at an interval of six months followed by an annual ______ programme

<p>vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rabies is a disease of dogs, foxes, wolves, hyaenas, and in some places, it is a disease of ______

<p>bats</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newcastle disease is a severe, systemic, and fatal viral disease of ______ due to virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1.

<p>poultry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical signs in unvaccinated birds include sudden death, lethargy, and respiratory ______.

<p>distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diagnosis is based on laboratory ______.

<p>confirmation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vaccines prevent clinical signs but not ______, and the control of the disease is challenging in enzootic regions.

<p>infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Birds that survive peracute AI infection may develop CNS involvement evident as torticollis, opisthotonos, incoordination, paralysis, and drooping ______.

<p>wings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microscopic lesions are highly variable in both location and severity, and they may consist of edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis in parenchymal cells of multiple visceral organs, the skin, and the ______.

<p>CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Engorging adult ticks pick up the infection and nymphal and adult stages (not larval stages) of the next generation pass it on to other ________.

<p>cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Outbreaks can occur in endemic areas if exposure to ticks by young animals is interrupted or immuno-naïve ________ are introduced.

<p>cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The introduction of babesia infected ticks into previously tick-free areas may also lead to outbreaks of ________.

<p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical symptoms for babesia divergens are similar to b. ________ infections.

<p>bigemina</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sick animals can be treated with an ________ drug.

<p>antiparasitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outcome is almost always fatal when the nervous symptoms of cerebral babesiosis develop, dark colored urine, ________, ________, anorexia animals likely to separate from the herd.

<p>incoordination, teeth grinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

During initial infection, there is usually some extent of ______ which can result in outbreaks of other diseases.

<p>immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

Older animals are usually highly resistant to clinical disease, but not totally resistant to infection, especially around ______.

<p>parturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Such events in clinically normal animals allow infection to persist on premises and act as an infection source for young susceptible ______.

<p>animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Further illness after previous exposure occurs rarely, usually due to other problems in specific animals such as ______ or intercurrent illness.

<p>immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corticosteroid injections allow coccidia to complete their life cycle and shed ______.

<p>oocysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Illness occurs more often ______ because of lower exposure rates outdoors

<p>indoors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coccidia are opportunistic ______

<p>pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Problems can also be related to stresses such as weaning, grouping, shipping, sudden feed changes, or ______ changes

<p>weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most disease occurs from about 1-3 months old, although in animals born outside, it may be up to 1 ______

<p>year</p> Signup and view all the answers

Usually clinical signs are less severe in older animals, provided they are not exposed to new farm environments and are not ______

<p>immunosuppressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical coccidiosis normally develops because of high oocyst exposure or various stressors on the hosts such as poor nutrition, nutritional deficiencies, overcrowding, poor sanitation, or ______ disease

<p>intercurrent</p> Signup and view all the answers

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