avian med 4 mod 6
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Questions and Answers

Which region of the avian spine is the most susceptible to damage?

  • Free lumbar (correct)
  • Cervical
  • Synsacrum
  • Notarium

    • How many complete ribs do parrots typically have in their thoracic vertebrae?

  • 8 (correct)
  • 6
  • 4
  • 10

    • Which part of the avian pelvic girdle is fused?

  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
  • All of the above (correct)

    • How many digits do most birds have?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digit has the most phalanges?

    <p>Digit 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the avian heart be seen lying on the VD view?

    <p>Between the 2nd and 6th thoracic ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign of the acute form of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)?

    <p>Fractured feathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed incubation period for NGD during acute flare-ups?

    <p>Two to three weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should exposed birds be kept isolated in single-bird households?

    <p>At least two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best prevention for NGD?

    <p>Maintaining a closed collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the circovirus, which causes PBFD, remain viable in the environment?

    <p>2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed incubation period for NGD?

    <p>One to two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of neuropathic gastric dilatation (NGD) in birds?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most recent suggestion for the name of neuropathic gastric dilatation (NGD) in birds?

    <p>Lymphoplasmatic glanglioneuritis and encephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following birds is NOT susceptible to neuropathic gastric dilatation (NGD)?

    <p>Canaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of birds affected by neuropathic gastric dilatation (NGD)?

    <p>3.8 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of neuropathic gastric dilatation (NGD) in birds?

    <p>Immune reaction to a Borna virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic method can be used to visualize proventricular dilatation in birds with NGD?

    <p>Abdominal radiographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view is best for assessing the size and shape of the heart-liver silhouette in psittacines?

    <p>VD view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an enlarged coelomic silhouette on the VD view indicate in psittacines?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dilation of the proventriculus indicate in psittacines?

    <p>Proventricular dilation syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal depth of the proventriculus in a parrot on the lateral view?

    <p>Less than 48% of the greatest depth of the carina (keel)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the spleen typically visible on the lateral view in psittacines?

    <p>Cranial to the femur, at mid abdominal cavity height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a loss of the hour glass shape on the VD view indicate in psittacines?

    <p>Abdominal space occupying lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of dilation of the proventriculus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criteria for diagnosing dilation of the proventriculus?

    <p>Depth of proventriculus greater than 48% of the depth of the carina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biopsy site is contraindicated for diagnosing neuropathic gastric dilatation?

    <p>Ventriculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of lympho-plasmatic infiltration in the brain of affected birds?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of therapy with NSAID for treating proventriculus dilation?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended biopsy site for diagnosing NGD?

    <p>Crop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Avian Anatomy and Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)

    • The synsacrum region of the avian spine is the most susceptible to damage.
    • Parrots typically have 4-6 complete ribs in their thoracic vertebrae.
    • The pelvis, ischium, and ilium are fused parts of the avian pelvic girdle.
    • Most birds have 4 digits, with the 2nd digit having the most phalanges (3-4).
    • The avian heart should be seen lying on the right side of the thoracic cavity on the Ventrodorsal (VD) view.

    Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)

    • A common sign of the acute form of PBFD is the presence of feather abnormalities.
    • The proposed incubation period for PBFD is 1-24 months.
    • The circovirus, which causes PBFD, can remain viable in the environment for up to 12 months.
    • The best prevention for PBFD is hygiene and sanitation.

    Neuropathic Gastric Dilatation (NGD) in Birds

    • The proposed incubation period for NGD is 1-6 months.
    • Exposed birds should be kept isolated in single-bird households for at least 6 months.
    • The best prevention for NGD is hygiene and sanitation.
    • The absence of signs of gastrointestinal disease is NOT a clinical sign of NGD.
    • The most recent suggestion for the name of NGD is Macaw Fatty Acid Syndrome (MFAS).
    • Cockatiels are NOT susceptible to NGD.
    • The average age of birds affected by NGD is 5-7 years.
    • The cause of NGD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a viral or toxic insult.
    • Contrast radiography or fluoroscopy can be used to visualize proventricular dilatation in birds with NGD.
    • The Ventrodorsal (VD) view is best for assessing the size and shape of the heart-liver silhouette in psittacines.
    • An enlarged coelomic silhouette on the VD view indicates proventricular dilatation in psittacines.
    • Dilation of the proventriculus indicates NGD in psittacines.
    • The normal depth of the proventriculus in a parrot on the lateral view is 1-2 mm.
    • The spleen is typically visible on the lateral view in the area of the 2nd-3rd ribs in psittacines.
    • A loss of the hour-glass shape on the VD view indicates proventricular dilatation in psittacines.
    • A common cause of dilation of the proventriculus is NGD.
    • The criteria for diagnosing dilation of the proventriculus are a diameter of >2 mm on the lateral view.
    • The liver biopsy site is contraindicated for diagnosing NGD.
    • The prevalence of lympho-plasmatic infiltration in the brain of affected birds is 80%.
    • The recommended duration of therapy with NSAID for treating proventriculus dilation is 2-4 weeks.
    • The recommended biopsy site for diagnosing NGD is the proventriculus or ventriculus.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Psittacine Proventricular Dilation Syndrome (PPDS) and Macaw Wasting Syndrome (MWS) with this quiz. Learn about the differences between neurophatic gastric dilatation and macaw wasting disease and enhance your understanding of these avian conditions.

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