Final Assessment Zoology (Birds)

The study of birds.

Warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers and forelimbs modified as wings.

Chaffinches, woodpeckers, and sparrowhawks.

Cranes, storks, and curlews.

African ostriches, emus, and nandus.

Penguins, razebills, loons, pelicans, and geese.

The outermost layer of the skin.

Provides structure and support within the feather.

Located at the base of the feather

Elliptical, High Speed, Long and narrow, High Lift

Adapted for forest or shrub, where maneuvering is important.

Adapted for feeding on wing or very long-distance migration.

Adapted for soaring.

Adapted for carrying heavy loads. Deep curvature.

Modified wrist to allow folding of wing

The fusion of the last vertebrae of the tail.

Enlarged, with a keel to which flight muscles attach.

Aid functions such as gas exchange, and temperature regulation.

The avian circulatory system consists of a heart plus vessels.

Carry flood away from the heart.

exchange of nutrients, gases, & waste products

consists primarily of the surface epithelium of olfactory cavities

The ability to recall events that take place at a specific time or place.

Located on the tongue & floor of the pharynx as well as the palate.

Kidneys secrete uric acid.

Paired kidneys and the ureters. Transport urine to the urodeum.

the ovary and the accompanying oviduct.

There is a reduction in the weight of the skeleton by decreasing bone number and fusion

They rely on high metaoblism , as well as circulatory and reisratory

The urogenital Adaptations work at weight reduciton

Possession of feathers distinguishes birds from other vertebrate animals.

Penguins, razebills, and geese are water birds.

Hooklets interlock barbules for a smooth surface in bird feathers.

Elliptical wings are adapted for maneuvering in forest or shrub habitats.

Hollow bones reduce the weight of a bird for flight.

The semilunate carpal allows for wing folding in birds.

The syrinx in birds is used for the production of vocalizations.

Multiple air sacs maintain a constant flow of air through the lungs.

Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are kept completely separate.

The cerebellum coordinates skeletal muscle activity.

Merkel cells and Herbst corpuscles detect pressure and touch.

A developed sense of smell allows seabirds to locate prey by detecting dimethyl sulfide (DMS).

Uric acid is the main nitrogenous waste product excreted by birds.

The isthmus is responsible for adding the shell membrane to the avian egg.

Fusion of many bones reduces the weight of the skeleton.

Falconiformes are known for their predatory behavior.

Galliformes are chicken-like in appearance.

Passeriformes are perching birds.

Numerous air sacs enable birds to have such high metabolism.

Nitrogenous waste product excreted as a semisolid.

Birds.

Hard-shelled eggs.

African Ostriches.

Calamus → Rachis → Barb → Barbule

Long and Narrow.

Reoriented shoulder.

Loss of parts of the skeleton.

Oxygen absorption, acid/base balance, temperature regulation and detoxification.

The semilunar membrane.

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