Questions and Answers
What is the common name for the avian order Anseriformes?
Ducks, geese, and swans
Why do birds hide symptoms of illness?
To protect themselves from potential predators
What does a fluffed up appearance in birds indicate?
Ill health
Why should one always be alert for minor changes in birds' condition?
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Which avian order includes parrots such as budgies?
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What does a bird that looks sick indicate?
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Which avian order includes canaries and finches?
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Why is it important to monitor weight, demeanour, and activity of birds?
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Which avian order includes eagles, hawks, falcons, and vultures?
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What is a common presenting sign of wing tip oedema in raptors?
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Which type of birds are typically predisposed to wing tip oedema?
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What is the typical outcome if the wing tip is already lost in cases of wing tip oedema?
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What is the commonest respiratory disease of captive birds?
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What causes hepatic pathology in birds with aspergillosis?
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Which type of birds have a marked predisposition to syringeal aspergilloma?
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What develops as a result of fungal granulomas on the syringeal mucosal folds?
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What is the standard starting protocol for immediate investigation of non-specific signs and advanced lesions in birds?
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What is necessary for manual haematology in birds?
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What should always be restrained during handling of falconry birds?
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What is the primary cause of beak overgrowth in parrots?
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Which antifungal medication is used to treat air sac aspergillomas in birds?
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What is a common consequence of wing clipping in parrots?
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What is a characteristic symptom of lung aspergillomas in birds?
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What is a key factor in reducing stress when handling parrots?
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Which Aspergillus species affects parrots and is associated with intestinal infections?
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What is a common condition in parrots that can result from internal discomfort and malnutrition?
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What is a primary cause of respiratory compromise in parrots?
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What is the primary cause of stress reduction when handling parrots?
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What is a common condition in parrots that can result from inappropriate diet and malocclusion?
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What is the most common reason for chicken presentation mentioned in the text?
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Which disease can cause neurological signs such as leg weakness and paralysis in birds?
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What is the definitive diagnosis for Marek's Disease?
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What condition can cause significant damage to birds and is most commonly caused by Eimeria species?
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What is the bacterium that commonly infects the upper respiratory tract of birds and can cause respiratory and reproductive problems?
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What are the clinical signs of egg peritonitis mentioned in the text?
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What is the viral disease caused by an oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus and can cause neurological signs in birds?
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What is the conservative management for egg peritonitis mentioned in the text?
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What are the other Mycoplasma species of importance mentioned in the text?
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What are the preventative measures for egg peritonitis mentioned in the text?
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Study Notes
- Smoke triggers removal of birds' behavior, which can lead to various conditions such as displaced aggression, stress, and frustration.
- Smoke inhalation can also cause egg peritonitis in birds, which is inflammation of the reproductive tract and coelomic cavity.
- Egg peritonitis is the most common reason for chicken presentation and can be caused by an ectopic follicle or yolk ovulation into the coelom, oviduct rupture, or accumulated oviductal damage.
- Clinical signs of egg peritonitis include lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, ascites, and reduced frequency of laying, among others.
- Diagnosis of egg peritonitis is typically through clinical examination, ultrasonography, and radiography, but differentials such as egg binding, infectious salpingitis, and bacterial coelomitis must be considered.
- Conservative management of egg peritonitis includes oxygen therapy, subcutaneous fluids, and anti-inflammatory drugs like meloxicam. Longer-term control may involve cessation of reproductive activity, euthanasia, salpingectomy, or endocrine manipulation.
- Preventative measures for egg peritonitis include optimizing husbandry, quarantine and vaccination protocols, controlling infectious factors, providing shelter, and selectively breeding lower production birds.
- Marek's Disease is a viral disease caused by an oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus and can cause neurological signs such as leg weakness, paralysis, neck weakness, opisthotonus, and dermal and visceral nodules.
- Diagnosis of Marek's Disease involves eliminating other causes of neuropathy, and definitive diagnosis requires histopathology of the sciatic nerve.
- Prevention of Marek's Disease involves vaccination, which is readily available for chickens, and maintaining good biosecurity practices.
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a bacterium that commonly infects the upper respiratory tract of birds and can cause respiratory and reproductive problems.
- Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma meleagridis are other Mycoplasma species of importance, with Mycoplasma synoviae causing musculoskeletal infections and Mycoplasma meleagridis causing respiratory infections in turkeys.
- Internal parasites, such as coccidia, can cause significant damage to birds and are most commonly caused by Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria tenella.
- Clinical signs of coccidiosis include diarrhea, anorexia, and lethargy, among others.
- Prevention of coccidiosis involves good husbandry practices, such as clean bedding and proper nutrition, and vaccination for some species.
- Other conditions mentioned in the text include inspiration, aspiration, hepatopathy, and nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, among others.
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