Auxiliary Converter Systems in Locomotives
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the inductor in a three-phase system?

  • To increase the frequency of the output voltage
  • To regulate battery charging speed
  • To convert AC voltage to DC voltage
  • To attenuate harmonics and withstand load short-circuits (correct)

    • What does the term U1rms represent in relation to the motor's shaft power?

  • The fundamental component derived from the output voltage (correct)
  • The maximum voltage that the motor can handle
  • The total power consumed by the motor
  • The sum of all harmonic components of voltage

    • What is the purpose of the capacitor located on the charger circuit?

  • To amplify the current for more efficient charging
  • To increase the inverter frequency
  • To smooth out the charger voltage and limit transient voltage rise (correct)
  • To change AC voltage into DC voltage

    • Which values correspond to the operating conditions under steady state in an inverter?

    <p>Frequency and amplitude consistently match the set point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the battery charger circuit breaker protect against?

    <p>Overload conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output frequency range for converters BUR1 and BUR2?

    <p>0 to 50 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated output of the battery charger in the auxiliary converter system?

    <p>111 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which converter supplies the battery charger under normal operating conditions?

    <p>BUR3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature will the fans inside the box start running?

    <p>Above 50°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the intermediate chokes in the system?

    <p>To reduce the weight of the locomotive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component's output is electrically insulated from the input and three-phase output?

    <p>Battery Charger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the converters' output?

    <p>BUR3 has a fixed frequency output at 50 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated supply voltage for the traction rolling stock?

    <p>1000 V AC +200 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated insulation voltage for the intermediate circuit?

    <p>900 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the apparent power rating of the traction rolling stock?

    <p>100 KVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated frequency for the traction rolling stock?

    <p>50 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum battery charger current when both the user and battery are connected?

    <p>110 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rated voltage (fundamental r.m.s) for the AC output is?

    <p>415 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the short-term overload current for the intermediate circuit?

    <p>190 ADC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated current for the AC output, which includes the battery charger?

    <p>140 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test voltage is used for the rated insulation voltage?

    <p>4250 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intermediate circuit reactor in a DC link filter?

    <p>To smooth the pulsating energy flow from the input rectifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the intermediate circuit capacitor (CZ) primarily provide to the system?

    <p>A low impedance voltage source essential for inverter functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many parallel-connected electrolytic capacitors are in the intermediate circuit capacitor?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the resistors connected to the series stage of the capacitor?

    <p>To balance the voltage across the series connected stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the coils in the choke of the intermediate circuit reactor primarily keep away from the inverter?

    <p>Voltage spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components comprise the three-phase inverter?

    <p>Three single-phase inverter modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the switching sequences of the three modules is stated?

    <p>They are generally steady state conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do discharge resistors play in the circuit?

    <p>They discharge the voltage from capacitors safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of the capacitor in the intermediate circuit?

    <p>It absorbs fluctuating current components while maintaining voltage stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the intermediate circuit reactor affect current?

    <p>By smoothing out pulsating energy flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated insulation voltage for Box 2?

    <p>150 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power consumption of the control unit?

    <p>120 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT listed as part of the main parts of the converter?

    <p>Three phase transformer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum thermal loss for Box 1 at rated power?

    <p>2 KW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical output DC voltage maintained by the rectifier?

    <p>$550 V$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the ventilator supply voltage?

    <p>36..56 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered when calculating the average value of the rectifier output voltage?

    <p>Output DC voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power loss of the ventilator?

    <p>$5 W$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the air rate provided by the cooling system?

    <p>5 m/sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the test voltage referenced for Box 1 during testing?

    <p>2600 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable $n$ represent in the equation for the rectangular output voltage of the inverter?

    <p>The harmonic order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the relationship between the output voltage and the shaft power of the motor is true?

    <p>Shaft power can be expressed as a function of the fundamental component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the inductor affect the harmonics in the three-phase system?

    <p>It slightly attenuates the harmonics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario are the frequency and amplitude of the output voltage set away from the reference value?

    <p>Under dynamic conditions using PWM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diode bridge in the battery charger circuit?

    <p>To rectify the AC voltage from the inverter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features are included in the auxiliary converter system's cooling mechanism?

    <p>External forced convection with thermostats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition will the battery charger receive supply from converter BUR2?

    <p>When BUR2 has a fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which output characteristic is unique to converter BUR3 compared to BUR1 and BUR2?

    <p>Rated frequency output at 50 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the battery charger in the auxiliary converter system?

    <p>To charge locomotive batteries and supply low voltage loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the output of the converters electrically configured in relation to other components?

    <p>It is isolated from both input and three-phase output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total output capacity rating of each auxiliary converter?

    <p>100 KVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor dictates the operation of the fans within the converter boxes?

    <p>Internal temperature exceeding 50°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average value of the rectifier output voltage maintained by the half controlled asymmetrical type GTO rectifier?

    <p>550 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the test voltage for the rated insulation voltage of the intermediate circuit?

    <p>2600 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the supply voltage range for the control unit?

    <p>77..137.5 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what voltage is the test voltage for Box 2 during testing conducted?

    <p>1500 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated insulation voltage of the traction rolling stock?

    <p>1200 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum battery charger current when only the battery is connected?

    <p>80 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the thermal losses at rated power for Box 2?

    <p>5 KW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ventilator supply voltage for cooling by forced air?

    <p>36..56 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated current (r.m.s) specified for the traction rolling stock?

    <p>150 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what voltage does the intermediate circuit operate?

    <p>550 VDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is part of the main parts of the converter?

    <p>Half controlled rectifier bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range mentioned for the traction rolling stock?

    <p>50 Hz + 3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the average value of the rectifier output voltage formula depend on?

    <p>Input RMS voltage and phase angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the rated AC output current that includes the battery charger?

    <p>140 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the short-term overload current specified for the intermediate circuit?

    <p>190 ADC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the air rate maintained by the cooling system?

    <p>5 m/sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated frequency for the AC outputs from BUR3?

    <p>50 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is responsible for converting AC to DC in the system?

    <p>GTO rectifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the intermediate circuit reactor primarily serve in a DC link filter?

    <p>It smooths the pulsating energy flow and prevents voltage spikes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does the intermediate circuit capacitor (CZ) provide to the system?

    <p>It acts as a current source for inductive loads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the structure of the intermediate circuit capacitor, what is the purpose of the resistors connected to the series stage?

    <p>To equalize the current distribution among capacitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the three-phase AC voltage generated by the inverter?

    <p>By switching the single-phase inverter modules ON and OFF.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the coils in the choke of the intermediate circuit reactor designed to protect against?

    <p>Voltage spikes affecting the connected load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the configuration of the intermediate circuit capacitor?

    <p>A series circuit of electrolyte capacitors connected in parallel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly influences the dimensions of the resistors in the intermediate circuit capacitor’s series stage?

    <p>The leakage current from the capacitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the switching sequences of the three-phase inverter is highlighted?

    <p>They function optimally under steady state conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary benefit does the three-phase inverter provide in converting DC to AC?

    <p>It allows for precise control of motor performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Auxiliary Converter

    • Each locomotive has two boxes housing the auxiliary converter system.
    • Box 1 contains BUR1
    • Box 2 contains BUR2, BUR3, and a battery charger.
    • The battery charger can be powered by either of the two converters.
    • Figure 6.1 details the converter's role within the locomotive.
    • Figure 6.2 illustrates the essential components of the auxiliary converter and battery charger.

    Converter Design

    • Three auxiliary converters are linked to the main transformer's auxiliary services winding.
    • Each converter has a 100 kVA output rating.
    • The converters have short-circuit-proof three-phase outputs at 415 V.
    • BUR1 and BUR2 converters have variable outputs ranging from 0 to 50 Hz
    • BUR3 has a fixed output frequency of 50 Hz
    • The battery charger is supplied by BUR3.
    • If BUR3 fails, BUR2 takes over battery charging duties.

    Battery Charger

    • The battery charger outputs approximately 111 V.
    • It charges the locomotive batteries.
    • Supplying low-voltage loads.
    • The low-voltage output is electrically isolated from both the input and three-phase output.

    Cooling System

    • The converters use external forced-convection cooling (approximately 5 m/sec).
    • Thermostats monitor internal temperatures.
    • If the temperature exceeds 50°C, cooling fans activate to reduce temperature to below 35°C.

    Component Placement

    • Converter boxes and three-phase output chokes are placed in the locomotive's machine room.
    • Intermediate chokes are integrated into the main transformer tank to conserve space and reduce weight.

    Technical Data

    • Input:
    • Supply voltage: 1000 V AC ± 200 V to −300 V
    • Apparent power: 100 kVA
    • Current (RMS): 150 A (for 100 kVA and 700 V)
    • Frequency: 50 Hz ± 3%
    • Rated insulation voltage: 1200 V
    • Test voltage (50 Hz/60 sec): 4250 V
    • Intermediate circuit:
    • Voltage: 550 VDC
    • Rated current: 155 ADC
    • Short-term overload: 190 ADC
    • Rated insulation voltage: 900 V (capacitor)
    • Test voltage (50 Hz/60 sec): 2600 V

    Output Specifications

    • AC:
    • Rated voltage (RMS): 415 V
    • Rated Frequency (BUR1 & 2): 50 Hz
    • Rated Frequency (BUR3): 50 Hz
    • DC:
    • Rated Voltage: 111 V
    • Other Outputs:
    • Rated current (AC, inc. battery charger): 140 A
    • Max. battery charger current (only battery): 80 A
    • Max. battery charger current (user + battery): 110 A
    • Control Unit:
    • Supply voltage: 77-137.5 V (operating range)
    • Power consumption: 120 W

    Thermal Losses

    • Box 1: 2 kW
    • Box 2: 5 kW
    • Ventilator supply voltage: 36-56 V
    • Ventilator power losses: 5 W
    • Air rate: 5 m/sec

    Circuit Descriptions

    • The diagram depicts the converter main elements: half-controlled rectifier bridge, intermediate filter (inductor and capacitor), three-phase inverter, and other components.

    • Rectifier circuits convert AC to DC.

    • Output voltage/current waveforms in these modules are shown in Figures 6.3-6.6.

    • These configurations can be helpful in regulating and protecting the process.

    • The rectifier uses asymmetrical GTOs with approximately a 550V DC output.

    • The DC link filter smooths the pulsating DC current using a reactor and capacitor.

    • The three-phase inverter generates a three-phase AC voltage from the DC link voltage.

    • Protective devices, such as the battery charger circuit breaker (100), surge arresters, and the damping filter RC, are crucial for safety and performance.

    • Measurement devices, such as voltage measuring transformers and transducers, aid in monitoring the system's health.

    • The auxiliary converter control unit handles control and protection functions using a bus interface.

    • Protective devises like the circuit breaker protect against overload.

    • Input fuses and surge arresters protect against short circuits and overvoltage.

    • A damping filter is used to prevent spurious thyristor firing.

    • Measurement equipment, such as voltage transducers, provide data for system monitoring.

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    Auxiliary Converter Technical Data PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential components and design of auxiliary converters used in locomotives. This quiz covers the roles of various converters, their output specifications, and the integration of battery chargers. Understand how these systems work together to maintain locomotive operations.

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