Autotrophs and Cellular Respiration Basics
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Questions and Answers

Organisms that cannot make their own organic matter and must obtain it from other organisms are called ______.

heterotrophs

The process by which glucose is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules is called ______.

glycolysis

The ______ cycle completes the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide.

citric acid

The ______ chain is the final stage of cellular respiration and generates the majority of ATP.

<p>electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of cellular respiration requires a cell to exchange two ______ with its surroundings.

<p>gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first step of glycolysis involves breaking down a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two ______ molecules.

<p>3-carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

During glycolysis, the 3-carbon molecules donate electrons and hydrogen to ______ forming NADH.

<p>NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle.

<p>citric</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first step of the citric acid cycle involves the loss of a carbon as ______ from each pyruvic acid molecule.

<p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the citric acid cycle, each acetic acid molecule attaches to an enzyme called ______ to form acetyl CoA.

<p>coenzyme A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own organic matter using carbon dioxide, water, and minerals.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms for nutrients.

Cellular respiration

A process where cells exchange gases with their surroundings to produce energy.

Aerobic

Processes that require oxygen to occur.

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Glycolysis

The process of breaking down glucose into two pyruvic acids, generating a small amount of ATP.

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Citric Acid Cycle

Completes the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide, generating a small amount of ATP.

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Electron Transport Chain

Uses NADH and oxygen to produce a large amount of ATP and water.

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Steps of Glycolysis

  1. Glucose split to 2 pyruvic acids; 2. NAD+ forms NADH; 3. Phosphate groups create 4 ATP.
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Steps of Citric Acid Cycle

  1. Pyruvic acid loses carbon; 2. NAD+ converts to NADH; 3. Acetic acid forms acetyl CoA.
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NADH

A molecule formed during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle that carries electrons.

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Study Notes

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

  • Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own organic matter from carbon dioxide, water, and minerals.
  • They are also known as producers.
  • Heterotrophs cannot produce their own organic matter and must consume other organisms for nutrients and energy.
  • They are also known as consumers.

Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular respiration is a process that requires a cell to exchange gases with its surroundings.
  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
  • Cellular respiration generates energy.

Stages of Cellular Respiration

  • Glycolysis:

    • Glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
    • Occurs in the cytoplasm.
    • Produces a small amount of ATP.
    • Includes three steps:
      • 6-carbon glucose is broken into two 3-carbon molecules (requires 2 ATP).
      • 3-carbon molecules donate electrons and hydrogen to NAD+, forming NADH.
      • Enzymes transfer phosphate groups from 3-carbon molecules to ADP, creating 4 ATP.

  • Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle:

    • Completes the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide (waste product).
    • Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
    • Produces a small amount of ATP.
    • Includes three steps:
      • Each pyruvic acid loses a carbon as carbon dioxide. The remaining 2-carbon molecules are called acetic acid.
      • Electrons and hydrogen are transferred to NAD+, creating more NADH.
      • Acetic acid combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA, which enters the cycle.

  • Electron Transport Chain:

    • NADH combines with oxygen to form water.
    • Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae).
    • Produces a large amount of ATP.

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Description

This quiz covers the key concepts of autotrophs and heterotrophs, including their roles as producers and consumers. Additionally, it delves into the stages of cellular respiration, particularly glycolysis, and the energy production process within cells. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.

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