Autonomic Systems Overview
21 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What structures primarily receive innervation from the parasympathetic division?

  • Skin and skeletal muscles
  • Adrenal glands and kidneys
  • Head and thoracic viscera (correct)
  • Liver and gallbladder

Which cranial nerve carries the majority of parasympathetic output?

  • Cranial nerve IX
  • Cranial nerve X (correct)
  • Cranial nerve III
  • Cranial nerve VII

Which statement accurately describes the efferent pathways in the sympathetic division?

  • Each preganglionic axon synapses with only one ganglionic cell.
  • They have longer postganglionic axons than preganglionic axons.
  • They synapse onto many ganglionic cells, typically 24 or more. (correct)
  • Preganglionic axons do not branch significantly.

What is a primary effect of sympathetic activation on body systems?

<p>Increased heart rate and blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is involved in the parasympathetic control of salivary glands?

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>To support the body's fight or flight response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of parasympathetic activation on the heart?

<p>Decrease heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the structure of the efferent pathways in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Two neuron pathway from CNS to effectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the sympathetic division affect the digestive tract?

<p>Decreases motility and secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is primarily associated with parasympathetic functions?

<p>Vagus nerve (X) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effectors receive sympathetic input only?

<p>Sweat glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bronchial passages during sympathetic activation?

<p>They dilate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the autonomic nervous system's dual innervation is accurate?

<p>Opposing effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can balance the body’s functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Preganglionic cell bodies are located in the thoraco-lumbar segments of the spinal cord. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division originate?

<p>In the brainstem and sacral segments of spinal cord S2, S3, S4. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the organization of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Preganglionic axons leave the spinal cord through the ventral roots. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does activation of the sympathetic division generally have on the body?

<p>Decreases blood flow and digestive activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is part of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Sympathetic chain ganglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ganglia are located close to large abdominal arteries and are part of the sympathetic division?

<p>Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It secretes hormones directly into the blood rather than onto an effector. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cranial nerves in the parasympathetic division?

<p>They carry preganglionic axons to peripheral ganglia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.

Sympathetic Division

Division of the ANS that prepares the body for action or stress (fight-or-flight).

Parasympathetic Division

Division of the ANS that promotes relaxation and restoration (rest-and-digest).

Dual Innervation

Organs receiving both sympathetic and parasympathetic signals, often with opposing effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord; control center.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothalamus

Brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating the ANS and homeostasis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Efferent Pathway

Motor neurons pathway sending signals from CNS to muscles and glands.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Single Innervation

Effectors receiving signals from only one division of the ANS, either sympathetic or parasympathetic.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intramural Ganglia

Clusters of postganglionic neuron cell bodies located within the walls of organs, particularly in the lower abdominal and pelvic cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parasympathetic Control of Pupil and Lens

The oculomotor nerve (CN III) carries parasympathetic fibers that regulate pupil constriction (miosis) and lens accommodation for near vision.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vagus Nerve's Parasympathetic Role

The vagus nerve (CN X) carries the majority of parasympathetic output, controlling heart rate, breathing, digestion, and most organs in the chest and abdomen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sympathetic Activation: Widespread Effects

The sympathetic division triggers a system-wide response by releasing norepinephrine and epinephrine, affecting most tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parasympathetic Activation: Localized Effects

Parasympathetic activation is limited to the head and internal organs, promoting localized responses like digestion and relaxation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where are sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies?

They are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord segments T1-L2.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are sympathetic chain ganglia?

Two chains of ganglia, one on each side of the vertebral column, that innervate the head, body wall, limbs, and thoracic viscera.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are collateral ganglia?

Ganglia located near large abdominal arteries, like the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia. They innervate abdominal and pelvic viscera.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the adrenal medulla?

The central portion of the adrenal gland. It receives preganglionic fibers, and its postganglionic cells secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where are parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies?

They are found in the brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and the lateral horn of the spinal cord segments S2, S3, S4.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the effects of parasympathetic division?

It promotes relaxation, food processing, and energy absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are pelvic nerves?

They carry parasympathetic preganglionic axons from the sacral segments of the spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the key differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic axons?

Sympathetic preganglionic axons are typically shorter and synapse closer to the CNS. Parasympathetic preganglionic axons are longer and synapse closer to the effector organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Document Information

  • Document title: B223-14-Autonomi...
  • Document identifier: B223-14-Autonomic-converted
  • Date: December 2, 2021
  • Time: 2:22 PM

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Biology 223 Autonomic Nervous System PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of autonomic systems, focusing on their components and functionalities. Designed for learners who are diving into the world of autonomous technology, it helps assess understanding of key concepts and applications in real-world scenarios.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser