Autonomic Nervous System Multiple choice

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  • Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses (correct)
  • Facilitates voluntary muscle movement
  • Regulates digestive processes
  • Promotes energy conservation

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Acetylcholine (correct)
  • Dopamine
  • Glycogen
  • Norepinephrine

What characteristic differentiates the fibers of the sympathetic nervous system from those of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Sympathetic fibers exit from thoracic and lumbar regions (correct)
  • Parasympathetic fibers exit only from the lumbar region
  • Sympathetic fibers exit in the cervical region
  • Parasympathetic fibers exit from the thoracic region

Which of the following functions is NOT generally associated with the activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Increased salivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a stress response, which of the following actions would most likely occur?

<p>Increased heart rate and blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is primarily associated with the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?

<p>Mobilizing energy stores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) primarily differ from the Somatic Nervous System (SNS)?

<p>ANS is responsible for involuntary actions while SNS is responsible for voluntary actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in regulating the Autonomic Nervous System?

<p>Processing information and triggering short-term and long-term responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely released by postganglionic neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

<p>Norepinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What response is primarily triggered by the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)?

<p>Conservation of energy stores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure primarily integrates reflexes associated with the Autonomic Nervous System?

<p>Spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the relationship between the SNS and PNS?

<p>They innervate the same organs and have opposite effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ’s function is NOT primarily regulated by the Autonomic Nervous System?

<p>Skeletal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' functions?

<p>Parasympathetic Nervous System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine at postganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Cholinergic receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the sympathetic nervous system's primary functions?

<p>Facilitates stress response and physical activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with adrenergic fibers?

<p>Norepinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type is involved in the stimulation of smooth muscle contraction via acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Muscarinic receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of α1 adrenergic receptors within the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Cause vasoconstriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the adrenergic receptors associated with the heart?

<p>β1 receptors increase heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the primary neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.

<p>Norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the fiber length in the parasympathetic nervous system compared to the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Parasympathetic has longer preganglionic fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the constriction of the pupil?

<p>Oculomotor nerve (CN III) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system typically located in relation to the effector organs?

<p>Far from the effector organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary output from the Vagus nerve (CN X) in terms of the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>It innervates the lungs and digestive tract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an EpiPen have on the body during anaphylactic shock?

<p>It stimulates the sympathetic nervous system leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sacral outflow of the parasympathetic nervous system originates from which part of the spinal cord?

<p>Ventral horn of S2-S4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the branching of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It provides selective innervation to individual organs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the autonomic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions, like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) prepares the body for action, triggering the "fight or flight" response.

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) promotes relaxation and energy conservation, triggering the "rest and digest" response.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the ANS?

The hypothalamus is a brain region that integrates information from the body and environment to direct both the short-term (ANS) and long-term (hormonal) responses.

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How do the SNS and PNS interact?

The SNS and PNS work together to maintain homeostasis, ensuring the body stays balanced.

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What is the main neurotransmitter of the SNS?

The SNS uses norepinephrine as its primary neurotransmitter, which influences everything from heart rate to alertness.

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What is the main neurotransmitter of the PNS?

The PNS primarily relies on acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter, promoting relaxation and digestion.

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How do the SNS and PNS differ in their actions?

While both the SNS and PNS innervate the same organs, they have contrasting effects. For example, the SNS increases heart rate, while the PNS slows it down.

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Where does the SNS originate?

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) originates from the thoracolumbar region (T1-L2) of the spinal cord.

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SNS fiber length?

The SNS has short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers.

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Where are SNS ganglia located?

The SNS ganglia are located far from the effector organ.

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Branching of SNS fibers?

The SNS has extensive branching, allowing for widespread control.

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Where does the PNS originate?

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) originates from the craniosacral region (CNs, S2-S4).

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PNS fiber length?

The PNS has long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers.

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Where are PNS ganglia located?

The PNS ganglia are located near or in the effector organ.

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Branching of PNS fibers?

The PNS has minimal branching, targeting specific organs.

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How do Neurotransmitters differ between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems?

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nervous system, while norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system. Their actions vary depending on the receptor type present in the target tissue.

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Why does stress kill people?

Stress, particularly prolonged stress, can lead to harm by overworking the sympathetic nervous system. This constant activation can increase heart rate, blood pressure, and risk of cardiovascular problems, ultimately impacting overall health.

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Study Notes

Autonomic Nervous System - Lecture Notes

  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
  • It's responsible for involuntary functions.
  • It is comprised of two main divisions:
    • Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
    • Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

  • Origin: Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
  • Fiber Length: Short preganglionic fibers, long postganglionic fibers.
  • Ganglia/Synapse: Ganglia are close to the spinal cord.
  • Branching: Extensive branching.
  • Neurotransmitter: Primarily norepinephrine but sometimes acetylcholine (e.g., sweat glands).
  • Function: Mobilizes the body's resources during stressful situations or physical activity, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response.

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

  • Origin: Craniosacral (cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord segments).
  • Fiber Length: Long preganglionic fibers, short postganglionic fibers.
  • Ganglia/Synapse: Ganglia are located near or within the target organ.
  • Branching: Minimal branching.
  • Neurotransmitter: Primarily acetylcholine.
  • Function: Conserves and restores energy, often referred to as the "rest and digest" response.

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Fibers

  • Cholinergic fibers: Release acetylcholine (ACh).
    • All preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are cholinergic.
    • Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are cholinergic.
    • There are two types of cholinergic receptors: Nicotinic and Muscarinic
  • Adrenergic fibers: Release norepinephrine (NE).
    • Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons are adrenergic.
    • There are multiple types of adrenergic receptors (α1, α2, β1, and β2).

Receptors

  • Muscarinic receptors: G protein-coupled receptors, found in effector cells stimulated by postganglionic synapses.
  • Nicotinic receptors: Ligand-gated cation channels, found in synapses between pre- and postganglionic fibers.

Adrenergic Receptors

  • α1: Vasoconstriction, relaxation of GI smooth muscle, sweat gland secretion, and dilation of pupils.
  • α2: Vasoconstriction, decreased secretion from salivary glands.
  • β₁: Increase heart rate and contractility, renin release.
  • β₂: Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, smooth muscle relaxation, increased insulin release.

Autonomic Nervous System - Overview

  • The ANS regulates essential involuntary functions.
  • The two divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic, often have opposing effects on target organs.
  • Understanding these pathways and neurotransmitters is crucial for diagnosing and treating various conditions.

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