BLOCK 3: MPP: (3.6) ANS PHYSIOLOGY
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BLOCK 3: MPP: (3.6) ANS PHYSIOLOGY

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

  • Facilitate voluntary muscle movement
  • Improve cognitive functions
  • Regulate sensory processing
  • Maintain homeostasis (correct)

    • Which component is NOT typically part of a negative feedback control system?

  • Integrator
  • Effector component
  • Sensory component
  • Disruptor (correct)

    • Why is redundancy important in autonomic control pathways?

  • To ensure continuous homeostasis if one pathway fails (correct)
  • To reduce the number of sensory inputs required
  • To simplify the control mechanisms
  • To facilitate faster decision-making

    • What describes the functional reserve of organs responsible for homeostasis?

    <p>They typically use only a fraction of their full capacity at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of control system is primarily used in maintaining homeostasis within the ANS?

    <p>Negative feedback control system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

    <p>Controlling involuntary physiological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Craniosacral outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the neurotransmission processes differ between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

    <p>Sympathetic primarily uses norepinephrine while parasympathetic uses acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately characterizes the role of the brainstem in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>It regulates basic life functions and autonomic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is part of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

    <p>Craniosacral outflow targeting digestive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT typically involved as an autonomic control center?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing feature of the motor systems compared to the autonomic systems?

    <p>Motor systems are responsible for voluntary muscle movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily affected by the sympathetic nervous system during a 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical percentage of maximum cardiac output used at rest?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue associated with functional reserve as one ages?

    <p>Decreased functional reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways generally function?

    <p>They can work together or independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of nicotinic receptors?

    <p>They cause Na+ influx and membrane depolarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes muscarinic receptors from nicotinic receptors?

    <p>Muscarinic receptors are GPCRs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the first cell body in the autonomic pathways serve?

    <p>It is preganglionic in nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of neurotransmission, which of the following is true about adrenergic receptors?

    <p>They function through GPCR mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the autonomic and somatic motor systems can lead to misunderstanding how they operate?

    <p>Somatic system lacks a two-synapse pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of muscarinic receptors?

    <p>They are associated with GPCR signaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mechanism by which muscarinic receptors affect cellular signaling?

    <p>Direct modulation of K+ channels through beta/gamma subunits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do muscarinic receptors have on cAMP levels?

    <p>Decrease cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do muscarinic receptors primarily signal within cells?

    <p>Through phosphoinositide signaling and protein kinase C activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is associated with a slower, prolonged response?

    <p>Muscarinic receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of activating muscarinic receptors on intracellular Ca++ levels?

    <p>They stimulate the release of intracellular Ca++.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is NOT activated by muscarinic receptors?

    <p>Activation of cGMP pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Norepinephrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do varicosities play in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>They serve as sites of neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, and release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system at the brainstem level?

    <p>Nucleus Tractus Solitarius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following centers in the brainstem regulates blood pressure?

    <p>Cardiovascular Center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of input does the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius primarily receive?

    <p>Data from visceral regions via vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nuclei are associated with parasympathetic preganglionic control in the brainstem?

    <p>Edinger-Westphal nucleus and Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory center in the brainstem?

    <p>Controlling respiration rate through monitoring of gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological parameter does the cardiovascular center primarily modulate?

    <p>Cardiac output and vascular tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of the micturition center in the brainstem?

    <p>Controls urinary bladder distension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview

    • The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) maintains homeostasis
    • The ANS functions at the cellular and organismal level
    • The ANS uses negative feedback control and redundancy
    • Homeostasis is usually achieved through a negative feedback system that is usually layered and hierarchical
    • The ANS is comprised of 2 main divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic
    • The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can work independently or together

    Main Function of ANS

    • The ANS is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels
    • The ANS often utilizes negative feedback loop systems, often employing redundancy and functional reserve
    • Functional reserve ensures that the body can still achieve homeostasis even if certain pathways fail
    • The ANS is comprised of a sensory component, integrator, and effector component

    ANS Organization

    • The ANS contains a two-synapse pathway
    • The first synapse in the two-synapse pathway is the preganglionic neuron located in the CNS
    • The second synapse in the two-synapse pathway is the postganglionic neuron located in the peripheral nervous system
    • The sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways are often working together

    Neurotransmission

    • Both somatic and autonomic neurotransmission systems utilize nicotinic receptors
    • The ANS primarily utilizes GPCRs, specifically adrenergic or muscarinic receptors
    • Nicotinic receptors are ionotropic receptors, resulting in a rapid and direct response
    • Muscarinic receptors utilize GPCRs leading to slower but more prolonged response
    • Muscarinic receptors can activate PKC, inhibit AC, or directly modulate K+ channels

    Brainstem

    • The brainstem is the primary controller of the ANS
    • The brainstem houses the preganglionic nuclei of the parasympathetic nervous system, including the
      • Edinger-Westphal nucleus
      • Superior and inferior salivary nuclei
      • Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
      • Nucleus ambiguus

    Brainstem Control Centers

    • The brainstem houses several important control centers, including
      • Respiratory control center which monitors O2, CO2 and pH in the blood
      • Cardiovascular control center that monitors blood pressure and modulates cardiac output and vascular tone
      • Micturition control center that monitors bladder distension

    Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS)

    • The NTS is an important brainstem structure that runs the length of the medulla and coordinates autonomic functions and reflexes
    • The NTS receives data from visceral regions via the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves
    • The NTS relays data back to the hypothalamus

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and its role in maintaining homeostasis. This quiz covers its organization, functions, and the importance of negative feedback systems. Dive into the workings of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

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