Autonomic Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the most widespread excitatory neurotransmitter?

  • Neuropeptides
  • NO
  • Glutamate (correct)
  • GABA

Which neurotransmitter is commonly referred to as a neuromodulator?

  • GABA
  • NO
  • CO
  • Neuropeptides (correct)

What is the primary function of the Somatic nervous system?

  • Control smooth muscles
  • Transmit visual information
  • Sense external environment and control skeletal muscles (correct)
  • Innervate internal organs

What is the structure/function relationship between the CNS and PNS?

<p>PNS initiates responses and CNS interprets information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurotransmitters are nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO)?

<p>Gaseous neurotransmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system controls conscious responses?

<p>Somatic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors?

<p>Ionotropic receptors mediate short-term effects only, while metabotropic receptors mediate long-term effects like gene expression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is inhibitory in cardiac muscles but excitatory in brain and skeletal muscles?

<p>Acetylcholine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter class includes dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin, and histamine?

<p>Biogenic amines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor triggers the activation of a G protein that modifies the function of ion channels?

<p>Metabotropic receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cAMP play in the activation of metabotropic receptors?

<p>cAMP is a second messenger produced inside the cell that modifies ion channels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter category has widespread physiological effects, is psychoactive, and can be associated with mental illnesses like schizophrenia and depression?

<p>Biogenic amines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for danger or stress?

<p>Sympathetic division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor responds to mechanical energy?

<p>Mechanoreceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which incoming stimuli are converted into neural signals called?

<p>Sensory transduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type is responsible for detecting extreme heat, cold, and pressure?

<p>Nociceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event leads to the production of new proteins that enhance synaptic connections and contribute to long-term memory?

<p>Activation of genes and mRNA synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to the intensity of a stimulus, what does a higher frequency of action potentials indicate?

<p>A more intense stimulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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