Autonomic Nervous System Functions

Which function is NOT primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

A patient is experiencing difficulty focusing on nearby objects. Which part of the nervous system is likely affected?

During a stressful situation, blood is shunted away from the skin and viscera and into skeletal muscles. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system mediates this response?

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

What is the primary role of vasoconstriction initiated by the sympathetic nervous system in response to blood loss?

Which of the following mechanisms is used by the sympathetic nervous system to regulate body temperature?

What are the three essential components for a feedback regulation system?

A drug that blocks sympathetic nerve activity would likely have which effect?

How do tricyclic antidepressants affect norepinephrine neurotransmission?

Which of the following is the primary mechanism for terminating the effects of epinephrine?

A drug that inhibits MAO would have what effect on norepinephrine?

Epinephrine differs from norepinephrine in that epinephrine:

Which receptors can be activated by epinephrine after it is released into the bloodstream?

Which physiological response would be expected from the activation of α1 receptors in the eye?

What is the primary effect of activating β1 receptors in the kidney?

Which of the following is a consequence of activating muscarinic receptors on blood vessels?

How do presynaptic α2 receptors regulate neurotransmitter release in the peripheral nervous system?

A drug that selectively activates β2 receptors would likely have which of the following effects on the bronchi?

What is the expected effect of activating nicotinicM receptors?

Which of the following best describes the location of α2 receptors in the peripheral nervous system?

What effect does activation of β2 receptors have on glycogen levels?

Which of the following is a direct effect of activating muscarinic receptors in the eye?

A patient is experiencing difficulty with urination due to bladder sphincter constriction. Which receptor type, when activated, would most likely alleviate this condition?

Stimulation of which receptor type would result in increased heart rate and force of contraction?

Activation of nicotinicN receptors results in which of the following?

Which effect would be most likely to occur from the activation of α1 receptors in arterioles?

What is the expected uterine response following activation of β2-adrenergic receptors?

Which of the following responses is associated with activation of muscarinic receptors?

Which of the following accurately describes the role of the effector in a reflex arc?

If blood pressure suddenly increases, what is the expected response of the baroreceptor reflex?

Which neurons release acetylcholine (ACh) as a primary neurotransmitter?

Norepinephrine primarily mediates responses at which type of receptor?

If a drug stimulates muscarinic receptors, which of the following responses is MOST likely to occur?

Which of the following effects would be observed following the activation of nicotinicN receptors?

After administration of d-tubocurarine, acetylcholine is administered. Which effect on ciliary muscle would be expected?

Which response is induced by muscarine on the ciliary muscle?

A drug causes vasodilation but does not directly affect the nervous system. Which receptor is MOST likely being targeted?

In the context of the autonomic nervous system, what is the functional significance of the adrenal medulla releasing epinephrine?

What is the combined effect of detrusor muscle contraction and trigone/sphincter relaxation on the bladder?

Considering the functions of cholinergic receptor subtypes, which of the following scenarios would MOST likely involve muscarinic receptor activation?

A researcher is developing a drug to specifically target sweat glands. Which neurotransmitter and nervous system branch should be considered?

A patient is given a medication that blocks nicotinicM receptors. Which of the following side effects is MOST likely?

How does the baroreceptor reflex respond to a decrease in blood pressure to maintain homeostasis?

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which norepinephrine's action is terminated in the synapse?

A patient is experiencing bronchoconstriction and needs a medication to dilate their bronchioles. Which adrenergic receptor, when activated, would achieve this effect?

Which of the following neurotransmitters can activate alpha 1 ($\alpha_1$), beta 1 ($\beta_1$), and dopamine receptors?

A researcher is studying the effects of a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE). What direct effect would this drug have on acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the synaptic cleft?

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of Beta 2 ($\beta_2$) receptor activation, considering its role in the 'fight or flight' response?

A drug that prevents the storage of norepinephrine within vesicles in the presynaptic neuron would likely lead to:

Epinephrine is known to activate all alpha ($\alpha$) and beta ($\beta$) receptors EXCEPT dopamine receptors. In a situation requiring increased blood flow to the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles, which of the following receptors would epinephrine primarily target?

A patient is prescribed a medication that selectively activates dopamine receptors in the renal vasculature. What therapeutic effect is expected from this medication?

Which of the following statements accurately describes a key difference between the life cycle of acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine?

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that plays a role in the life cycle of norepinephrine. Where is MAO primarily located, and what is its function?

Botulinum toxin is known to inhibit the release of acetylcholine (ACh). What direct effect would this toxin have on muscle contraction?

A researcher wants to study the effects of norepinephrine on bronchiolar smooth muscle. Which receptor subtype should they target to observe relaxation of this smooth muscle and bronchodilation?

A patient presents with symptoms of low blood pressure and decreased heart rate. The physician decides to administer a drug that selectively activates Beta 1 ($\beta_1$) adrenergic receptors. What is the expected therapeutic effect of this drug?

After norepinephrine is released into the synapse and binds to its receptors, it is transported back into the presynaptic neuron. What are the two possible fates of norepinephrine after reuptake?

A pregnant woman is experiencing premature uterine contractions. Considering the 'fight or flight' response, which adrenergic receptor agonist could potentially help relax her uterine smooth muscle?