Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

  • It is a functional division of the nervous system (correct)
  • It is a structural division of the nervous system
  • It is responsible for only the 'fight or flight' response
  • It is only present in the peripheral nervous system

    • What types of cells does the ANS control?

  • Smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and gland cells (correct)
  • Nerve cells, muscle cells, and bone cells
  • Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and epithelial cells
  • Skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and gland cells

    • What is the 'fight or flight' response primarily associated with?

  • Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
  • Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) (correct)
  • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • What is the main difference between the SNS and PNS in terms of their origin?

    <p>SNS starts in the middle of the spinal cord, while PNS starts in the brain stem or the bottom of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the SNS on blood flow to skeletal muscle?

    <p>It increases blood flow to skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the PNS?

    <p>To promote homeostasis and maintenance of the body in non-threatening situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is activated by the SNS to secrete sweat?

    <p>Sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach to studying the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

    <p>Cover the ANS as you're studying each individual organ system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

    <p>To control involuntary actions without conscious involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) neurons start?

    <p>In the brain stem or the bottom of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) on heart output?

    <p>It decreases heart output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) in terms of their functions?

    <p>The SNS promotes 'fight or flight', while the PNS promotes 'rest and digest'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

    <p>Voluntary muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) in terms of sweat glands?

    <p>It activates sweat glands to secrete sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) on blood flow to the intestines?

    <p>It decreases blood flow to the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of the second neuron in the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?

    <p>A ganglia close to the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system does the autonomic nervous system belong to?

    <p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in terms of muscle cells?

    <p>To control the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in terms of their axon length?

    <p>The parasympathetic nervous system has longer axons in the first neuron and shorter axons in the second neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on heart output and blood flow to skeletal muscle?

    <p>It increases heart output and blood flow to skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of the second neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Ganglia at a distance from the first neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on blood flow to the intestines?

    <p>It increases blood flow to the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in non-threatening situations?

    <p>To promote homeostasis and maintenance of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for, beyond what is covered in this introductory video?

    <p>Affecting many structures and having many functions in different bodily systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

    • The autonomic nervous system is a functional division of the nervous system, not a structural division.
    • It consists of efferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system that control three types of cells:
      • Smooth muscle cells
      • Cardiac muscle cells
      • Gland cells
    • The ANS is called "autonomic" because it controls these functions without conscious involvement.

    Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

    • The SNS is one of the two big subsystems of the ANS.
    • It starts in the middle of the spinal cord.
    • The first neuron in the SNS sends a short axon to synapse with a second neuron in a ganglia close to the spine.
    • The second neuron then sends a longer axon to reach its target cell.
    • The SNS is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body to deal with threatening or dangerous situations.

    Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

    • The PNS is the other big subsystem of the ANS.
    • It starts in the brain stem or the bottom of the spinal cord.
    • The first neuron in the PNS sends a long axon to synapse with a second neuron in a ganglia at a distance from the first neuron.
    • The second neuron then sends a shorter axon to reach its target cell.
    • The PNS is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting homeostasis and maintenance of the body in non-threatening situations.

    Functional Differences

    • The SNS increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, decreases blood flow to the intestines, and increases heart output.
    • The PNS increases blood flow to the intestines, decreases blood flow to skeletal muscle, and decreases heart output.
    • The SNS activates sweat glands to secrete sweat, whereas the PNS activates salivary glands to produce saliva.

    Key Concepts

    • The ANS affects many structures and has many functions beyond what is covered in this introductory video.
    • It is best to cover the ANS as you're studying each individual organ system, as it plays a role in many different bodily functions.

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

    • Divided into functional, not structural, parts of the nervous system
    • Controls smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and gland cells through efferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system
    • Functions without conscious involvement, hence "autonomic"

    Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

    • One of the two main subsystems of the ANS
    • Originates in the middle of the spinal cord
    • Neurons synapse in ganglia close to the spine, and then reach target cells
    • Responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for threatening situations

    Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

    • The other main subsystem of the ANS
    • Originates in the brain stem or lower spinal cord
    • Neurons synapse in ganglia at a distance, and then reach target cells
    • Responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting homeostasis and maintenance

    Functional Differences

    • SNS increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, decreases blood flow to intestines, and increases heart output
    • PNS increases blood flow to intestines, decreases blood flow to skeletal muscle, and decreases heart output
    • SNS triggers sweat glands, while PNS triggers salivary glands

    Key Concepts

    • ANS affects many structures and has various functions beyond the introductory material
    • Study ANS in context with individual organ systems, as it plays a role in multiple bodily functions

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

    • Divided into functional, not structural, parts of the nervous system
    • Controls smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and gland cells through efferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system
    • Functions without conscious involvement, hence "autonomic"

    Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

    • One of the two main subsystems of the ANS
    • Originates in the middle of the spinal cord
    • Neurons synapse in ganglia close to the spine, and then reach target cells
    • Responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for threatening situations

    Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

    • The other main subsystem of the ANS
    • Originates in the brain stem or lower spinal cord
    • Neurons synapse in ganglia at a distance, and then reach target cells
    • Responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting homeostasis and maintenance

    Functional Differences

    • SNS increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, decreases blood flow to intestines, and increases heart output
    • PNS increases blood flow to intestines, decreases blood flow to skeletal muscle, and decreases heart output
    • SNS triggers sweat glands, while PNS triggers salivary glands

    Key Concepts

    • ANS affects many structures and has various functions beyond the introductory material
    • Study ANS in context with individual organ systems, as it plays a role in multiple bodily functions

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

    • Divided into functional, not structural, parts of the nervous system
    • Controls smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and gland cells through efferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system
    • Functions without conscious involvement, hence "autonomic"

    Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

    • One of the two main subsystems of the ANS
    • Originates in the middle of the spinal cord
    • Neurons synapse in ganglia close to the spine, and then reach target cells
    • Responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for threatening situations

    Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

    • The other main subsystem of the ANS
    • Originates in the brain stem or lower spinal cord
    • Neurons synapse in ganglia at a distance, and then reach target cells
    • Responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting homeostasis and maintenance

    Functional Differences

    • SNS increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, decreases blood flow to intestines, and increases heart output
    • PNS increases blood flow to intestines, decreases blood flow to skeletal muscle, and decreases heart output
    • SNS triggers sweat glands, while PNS triggers salivary glands

    Key Concepts

    • ANS affects many structures and has various functions beyond the introductory material
    • Study ANS in context with individual organ systems, as it plays a role in multiple bodily functions

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    Description

    Understand the autonomic nervous system and its subdivision, the sympathetic nervous system, including their functions and control over muscle cells and glands.

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