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Questions and Answers
What type of fibers do sympathetic ganglia innervate?
What type of fibers do sympathetic ganglia innervate?
What do postganglionic sympathetic neurons release when stimulated?
What do postganglionic sympathetic neurons release when stimulated?
What is the exception to the chain ganglia function in the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the exception to the chain ganglia function in the sympathetic nervous system?
Where can splanchnic nerves be found in the body?
Where can splanchnic nerves be found in the body?
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What do the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system allow for within the spinal cord?
What do the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system allow for within the spinal cord?
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In which regions can splanchnic nerves be found?
In which regions can splanchnic nerves be found?
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What is the function of splanchnic nerves?
What is the function of splanchnic nerves?
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Which part of the body does the sympathetic ganglia receive postganglionic fibers without synapsing in a ganglion?
Which part of the body does the sympathetic ganglia receive postganglionic fibers without synapsing in a ganglion?
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What are prevertebral ganglia also known as?
What are prevertebral ganglia also known as?
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Where do some preganglionic sympathetic neurons go instead of synapsing in a chain ganglia?
Where do some preganglionic sympathetic neurons go instead of synapsing in a chain ganglia?
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Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response?
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response?
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Where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?
Where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?
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What is the primary neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
What is the primary neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
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Where are the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons located?
Where are the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons located?
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Which part of the spinal cord is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
Which part of the spinal cord is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
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What type of neurons are sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
What type of neurons are sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
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Where are sympathetic ganglia located?
Where are sympathetic ganglia located?
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What is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal system?
What is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal system?
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Study Notes
- Autonomic nervous system is a part of the involuntary nervous system, responsible for controlling internal organs.
- It has three traditional branches: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.
- Sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response during stressful situations.
- Parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response during normal conditions.
- Enteric nervous system controls the gastrointestinal system.
- Sympathetic nervous system is located in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord (T1-L2).
- Parasympathetic nervous system has cranial parts (CN III, VII, IX, X) and sacral parts (S2-S4).
- Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are short and located within the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord.
- Sympathetic postganglionic neurons are long and release neuroepinephrine as a neurotransmitter.
- Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are long and located within specific nuclei within the brainstem and spinal cord.
- Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are short and release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
- Sympathetic ganglia are connected in a chain-like structure and are called paravertebral or chain ganglia.
- Sympathetic neurons are highly myelinated and form the white matter.
- Sympathetic axons synapse on the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons in the ganglia and exit through the ventral ramus with the spinal nerve.
- Sympathetic fibers innervate smooth muscle tissue (piloerector muscles), blood vessels (vasomotor fibers), and glands (sudomotor fibers).- The text discusses the sympathetic ganglia in the context of the autonomic nervous system.
- Postganglionic sympathetic neurons do not release norepinephrine when stimulated, they release acetylcholine instead.
- An exception to the chain ganglia function is the adrenal medulla, which receives postganglionic fibers directly without synapsing in a ganglion, making it an intramural ganglion.
- Chang ganglia, also known as the pair of vertebral ganglia, are part of the spinal nerve and carry fibers to pilo motor, vasomotor, or pseudo motor fibers.
- Some preganglionic sympathetic neurons can descend a level in the spinal cord instead of synapsing and then go to a chain ganglia, resulting in a splanchnic nerve.
- Splanchnic nerves supply the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions and can also be found in the abdominal pelvic viscera.
- The ganglia of the autonomic nervous system, including splanchnic nerves, can go through the white communicants, pass straight through Chang ganglia, and go to collateral, prevertebral, pre-aortic, or subdiaphragmatic ganglia.
- The sympathetic ganglia are paravertebral or chain ganglia that allow for ascending, descending, or staying at the same level within the spinal cord.
- The sympathetic ganglia exceptions include the thoracic ganglia that supply parts of the head and neck and can come through the Y train myelinated fibers.
- The text promises to discuss cranial sacral flow, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and the sympathetic nervous system in more detail in upcoming videos.
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Description
This quiz covers the structure, function, and exceptions of the sympathetic ganglia in the autonomic nervous system. It includes details about the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric branches, neurotransmitters, location, and innervation of the sympathetic nervous system.
