Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the neuron is responsible for the transmission of signals to effectors and adjacent neurons?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for the transmission of signals to effectors and adjacent neurons?
- Axon (correct)
- Neurotransmitters
- Soma or cell body
- Dendrites
Which division of the nervous system is mainly concerned with the regulation of circulation and internal organs?
Which division of the nervous system is mainly concerned with the regulation of circulation and internal organs?
- Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System (correct)
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Central Nervous System
Which neurotransmitters are involved in chemical transmissions in the synapse?
Which neurotransmitters are involved in chemical transmissions in the synapse?
- Ach /NE (correct)
- Skeletal Muscle
- Glands
- Action potential
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'fight or flight' responses?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'fight or flight' responses?
What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by the preganglionic sympathetic fibers?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by the preganglionic sympathetic fibers?
What enzyme breaks down noradrenaline/norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?
What enzyme breaks down noradrenaline/norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?
In which region does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system originate?
In which region does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system originate?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by the sweat glands nerve, despite being a sympathetic nerve?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by the sweat glands nerve, despite being a sympathetic nerve?
What is primarily secreted from the adrenal medulla during alarm reactions?
What is primarily secreted from the adrenal medulla during alarm reactions?
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Study Notes
- The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a part of the Nervous System, dealing with regulation of circulation and internal organs.
- ANS is an involuntary system, controlled by superordinate autonomic centers in the CNS, primarily in the spinal cord.
- It consists of two divisions: Sympathetic Division (thoracolumbar region) and Parasympathetic Division (craniosacral region).
- The Sympathetic Division releases noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE) from its post-ganglionic neurons and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. NE is broken down by monoamine oxidases (MAO A) enzymes.
- The Parasympathetic Division releases acetylcholine (Ach) from its post-ganglionic neurons and is responsible for the "rest and digest" response. Ach is broken down by acetylcholinesterase.
- Sweat glands, which are sympathetic nerves, release acetylcholine (Ach) instead of the usual sympathetic neurotransmitter.
- The Adrenal Medulla, which is part of the ANS, releases epinephrine and some norepinephrine (NE) in response to stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system during alarm reactions. This response is often seen in situations like physical work, anxiety, or stress.
- In severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), the body's autonomic responses include increased heart rate, sweating, and tremors.
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