Autonomic Innervation of Ocular Structures

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What is the function of the sensory root in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

Carries sensory fibers from the globe to the brain (correct)

Carries sympathetic fibers to the brain

Carries parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion

Carries motor fibers to the extraocular muscles

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

Pupillary fixation

Pupillary dilation

No effect on the pupil

Pupillary constriction (correct)

What is the role of the short ciliary nerves in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

Carries sympathetic fibers to the brain

Carries sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic fibers to the globe (correct)

Carries motor fibers to the extraocular muscles

Carries parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion

What is the state of the pupil during sleep?

Small Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physiologic pupillary unrest caused by the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves?

Hippus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve do the sympathetic fibers travel with to innervate the iris dilator and the ciliary muscle?

Nasociliary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

Relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus in the midbrain contains the preganglionic neuron fibers in the parasympathetic pathway to intrinsic ocular structures?

Edinger-Westphal nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the choroidal blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

Ciliary ganglion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of innervation is necessary for normal iris melanocyte pigmentation?

Sympathetic innervation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pupil in Horner's syndrome?

Miosis and anisocoria Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of disruption in the sympathetic pathway leading to Horner's syndrome?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of involvement in Horner's syndrome with 6th nerve paresis?

Cavernous sinus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of postganglionic fiber damage in Horner's syndrome?

Enter the skull through the carotid plexus Signup and view all the answers

What part of the Autonomic Nervous System innervates the Iris sphincter?

Parasympathetic system Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the central nervous system stimulates the sympathetic pathway for ocular structures?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Where do the postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion in the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

Superior cervical ganglion Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the parasympathetic pathway for ocular structures?

Midbrain and Pons Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of disruption in the sympathetic pathway on the pupil?

Constriction of the pupil Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ocular structures is NOT innervated by the parasympathetic system?

Eyelid smooth muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome characterized by a lack of sympathetic innervation to the iris?

Horner's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What percent of the population is estimated to have benign anisocoria?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the motor pathway to the orbicularis muscle?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of irritation of any branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Increased lacrimation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reflex that involves the simultaneous contraction of the medial rectus muscle, ciliary muscle, and iris sphincter?

Accommodation reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is responsible for transmitting the pupillary light reflex from the retina to the brain?

Optic nerve and optic tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the pupil is small and does not react to light, but constricts with near response?

Argyll Robertson pupil Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unequal size of the pupils?

Anisocoria Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting the pupillary light reflex from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus to the iris sphincter?

Oculomotor nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil?

It is large and has a slow near response Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of damage to the ciliary ganglion or the short ciliary nerves?

Delayed and slow near response with poor pupillary light response Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a pupil in a disruption of the Efferent Pathway?

It is large and has a poor near response Signup and view all the answers

What is the age group of patients typically associated with Adie's Tonic Pupil?

20-40 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the probable association of Adie's Tonic Pupil?

Autoimmune diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil during examination with a biomicroscope?

Segmental constriction affecting only a section of the iris Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pilocarpine solution on a pupil with Adie's Tonic Pupil?

Causes significant miosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the differential diagnosis for a fixed dilated pupil?

Drug-induced mydriasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil over time?

It becomes smaller and does not dilate in dark Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical presentation of a pupil in a disruption of the Efferent Pathway?

A large pupil with a poor near response Signup and view all the answers

Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

In the anterior edge of the ciliary ganglion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sensory root in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

To transmit sensory signals from the globe Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

Pupillary dilation Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting the corneal reflex?

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

Contraction of the ciliary muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physiologic pupillary unrest caused by the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves?

Hippus Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the sympathetic innervation for ocular structures?

Segments T-1 through T-3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sympathetic innervation to the iris?

Dilation of the pupil Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

Ciliary muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

Hypothalamus → Spinal cord → Ganglion → Ocular structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the parasympathetic system in the eye?

Maintenance and restoration of the resting state Signup and view all the answers

Where do the postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion in the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

Sympathetic ganglion chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of sympathetic fibers that travel with the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

They travel with the nasociliary nerve and then follow the long ciliary nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

It causes relaxation of the ciliary muscle. Signup and view all the answers

Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

In the ciliary ganglion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sympathetic pathway in the regulation of choroidal blood vessels?

It causes vasoconstriction of the choroidal blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve do the sympathetic fibers travel with to innervate the smooth muscle of the upper eyelid?

Oculomotor nerve. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

It causes pupillary dilatation. Signup and view all the answers

Autonomic Innervation of Ocular Structures

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the sensory root in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

What is the role of the short ciliary nerves in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the state of the pupil during sleep?

What is the term for the physiologic pupillary unrest caused by the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves?

Which nerve do the sympathetic fibers travel with to innervate the iris dilator and the ciliary muscle?

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

Which nucleus in the midbrain contains the preganglionic neuron fibers in the parasympathetic pathway to intrinsic ocular structures?

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the choroidal blood vessels?

Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

Which type of innervation is necessary for normal iris melanocyte pigmentation?

What is the characteristic of the pupil in Horner's syndrome?

What is the most common cause of disruption in the sympathetic pathway leading to Horner's syndrome?

What is the area of involvement in Horner's syndrome with 6th nerve paresis?

Which of the following is a characteristic of postganglionic fiber damage in Horner's syndrome?

What part of the Autonomic Nervous System innervates the Iris sphincter?

Which part of the central nervous system stimulates the sympathetic pathway for ocular structures?

Where do the postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion in the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the origin of the parasympathetic pathway for ocular structures?

What is the result of disruption in the sympathetic pathway on the pupil?

Which of the following ocular structures is NOT innervated by the parasympathetic system?

What is the name of the syndrome characterized by a lack of sympathetic innervation to the iris?

What percent of the population is estimated to have benign anisocoria?

Which nerve is responsible for the motor pathway to the orbicularis muscle?

What is the result of irritation of any branch of the trigeminal nerve?

What is the term for the reflex that involves the simultaneous contraction of the medial rectus muscle, ciliary muscle, and iris sphincter?

Which pathway is responsible for transmitting the pupillary light reflex from the retina to the brain?

What is the term for the condition where the pupil is small and does not react to light, but constricts with near response?

What is the term for the unequal size of the pupils?

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting the pupillary light reflex from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus to the iris sphincter?

What is characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil?

What is the effect of damage to the ciliary ganglion or the short ciliary nerves?

What is the characteristic of a pupil in a disruption of the Efferent Pathway?

What is the age group of patients typically associated with Adie's Tonic Pupil?

What is the probable association of Adie's Tonic Pupil?

What is the characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil during examination with a biomicroscope?

What is the effect of pilocarpine solution on a pupil with Adie's Tonic Pupil?

What is the differential diagnosis for a fixed dilated pupil?

What is the characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil over time?

What is the clinical presentation of a pupil in a disruption of the Efferent Pathway?

Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the function of the sensory root in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting the corneal reflex?

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

What is the term for the physiologic pupillary unrest caused by the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves?

What is the origin of the sympathetic innervation for ocular structures?

What is the function of the sympathetic innervation to the iris?

Which structure is innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

What is the sequence of the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the role of the parasympathetic system in the eye?

Where do the postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion in the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the pathway of sympathetic fibers that travel with the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

What is the role of the sympathetic pathway in the regulation of choroidal blood vessels?

Which nerve do the sympathetic fibers travel with to innervate the smooth muscle of the upper eyelid?

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

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