Autonomic Innervation of Ocular Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the sensory root in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

  • Carries sensory fibers from the globe to the brain (correct)
  • Carries sympathetic fibers to the brain
  • Carries parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion
  • Carries motor fibers to the extraocular muscles

    • What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

  • Pupillary fixation
  • Pupillary dilation
  • No effect on the pupil
  • Pupillary constriction (correct)

    • What is the role of the short ciliary nerves in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

  • Carries sympathetic fibers to the brain
  • Carries sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic fibers to the globe (correct)
  • Carries motor fibers to the extraocular muscles
  • Carries parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion

    • What is the state of the pupil during sleep?

    <p>Small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physiologic pupillary unrest caused by the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves?

    <p>Hippus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve do the sympathetic fibers travel with to innervate the iris dilator and the ciliary muscle?

    <p>Nasociliary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

    <p>Relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus in the midbrain contains the preganglionic neuron fibers in the parasympathetic pathway to intrinsic ocular structures?

    <p>Edinger-Westphal nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the choroidal blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

    <p>Ciliary ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of innervation is necessary for normal iris melanocyte pigmentation?

    <p>Sympathetic innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the pupil in Horner's syndrome?

    <p>Miosis and anisocoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of disruption in the sympathetic pathway leading to Horner's syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of involvement in Horner's syndrome with 6th nerve paresis?

    <p>Cavernous sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of postganglionic fiber damage in Horner's syndrome?

    <p>Enter the skull through the carotid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the Autonomic Nervous System innervates the Iris sphincter?

    <p>Parasympathetic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system stimulates the sympathetic pathway for ocular structures?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion in the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

    <p>Superior cervical ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the parasympathetic pathway for ocular structures?

    <p>Midbrain and Pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of disruption in the sympathetic pathway on the pupil?

    <p>Constriction of the pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ocular structures is NOT innervated by the parasympathetic system?

    <p>Eyelid smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome characterized by a lack of sympathetic innervation to the iris?

    <p>Horner's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of the population is estimated to have benign anisocoria?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the motor pathway to the orbicularis muscle?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of irritation of any branch of the trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Increased lacrimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reflex that involves the simultaneous contraction of the medial rectus muscle, ciliary muscle, and iris sphincter?

    <p>Accommodation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is responsible for transmitting the pupillary light reflex from the retina to the brain?

    <p>Optic nerve and optic tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where the pupil is small and does not react to light, but constricts with near response?

    <p>Argyll Robertson pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unequal size of the pupils?

    <p>Anisocoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for transmitting the pupillary light reflex from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus to the iris sphincter?

    <p>Oculomotor nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil?

    <p>It is large and has a slow near response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of damage to the ciliary ganglion or the short ciliary nerves?

    <p>Delayed and slow near response with poor pupillary light response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a pupil in a disruption of the Efferent Pathway?

    <p>It is large and has a poor near response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group of patients typically associated with Adie's Tonic Pupil?

    <p>20-40 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probable association of Adie's Tonic Pupil?

    <p>Autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil during examination with a biomicroscope?

    <p>Segmental constriction affecting only a section of the iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of pilocarpine solution on a pupil with Adie's Tonic Pupil?

    <p>Causes significant miosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the differential diagnosis for a fixed dilated pupil?

    <p>Drug-induced mydriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a pupil in Adie's Tonic Pupil over time?

    <p>It becomes smaller and does not dilate in dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical presentation of a pupil in a disruption of the Efferent Pathway?

    <p>A large pupil with a poor near response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

    <p>In the anterior edge of the ciliary ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sensory root in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

    <p>To transmit sensory signals from the globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

    <p>Pupillary dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for transmitting the corneal reflex?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

    <p>Contraction of the ciliary muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physiologic pupillary unrest caused by the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves?

    <p>Hippus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the sympathetic innervation for ocular structures?

    <p>Segments T-1 through T-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sympathetic innervation to the iris?

    <p>Dilation of the pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

    <p>Ciliary muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

    <p>Hypothalamus → Spinal cord → Ganglion → Ocular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the parasympathetic system in the eye?

    <p>Maintenance and restoration of the resting state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion in the sympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

    <p>Sympathetic ganglion chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of sympathetic fibers that travel with the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

    <p>They travel with the nasociliary nerve and then follow the long ciliary nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the ciliary muscle?

    <p>It causes relaxation of the ciliary muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse in the parasympathetic pathway to ocular structures?

    <p>In the ciliary ganglion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sympathetic pathway in the regulation of choroidal blood vessels?

    <p>It causes vasoconstriction of the choroidal blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve do the sympathetic fibers travel with to innervate the smooth muscle of the upper eyelid?

    <p>Oculomotor nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the pupil?

    <p>It causes pupillary dilatation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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