Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

During which week of embryonic development does the lens begin to form?

3rd week

What structure allows the mesenchyme to migrate into the optic cup during the formation of the eye?

Fetal fissure

What does the hyaloid artery eventually persist as?

Central retinal artery

When does the hyaloid artery form a network that fills the primary vitreous cavity?

5th week of development Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms a two-layered optic cup during the formation of the eye?

Optic vesicle Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the embryonic plate form from the three primary germ layers?

3rd week of embryonic development Signup and view all the answers

What forms the posterior vascular tunic of the lens?

Hyaloid artery Signup and view all the answers

What does the primary vitreous form during the 2nd month of development?

Cloquet’s canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the last structure to close during the formation of the optic cup?

Fetal fissure Signup and view all the answers

What does the optic vesicle invaginate to form during the eye formation?

Two-layered optic cup Signup and view all the answers

What does the smaller motor root of the facial nerve contain?

Sensory fibers for taste and parasympathetic fibers for glands Signup and view all the answers

What muscle does the Trochlear nerve innervate?

Superior oblique muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is formed by the joining of the Infratrochlear n., Anterior/Posterior Ethmoid n., 2 Long Ciliary n. and the sensory root of the ciliary ganglion?

Nasociliary nerve Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Nasociliary nerve exit the orbit?

Through the common tendinous ring and the superior orbital fissure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic foramen?

Provides communication between the orbital cavity and the middle cranial fossa Signup and view all the answers

What passes through the superior orbital fissure and ring tendon?

Superior/Inferior Oculomotor nerve, Nasociliary nerve, and Abducens nerve Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the attachment for the lateral rectus muscle in the superior orbital fissure?

Sharp spur Signup and view all the answers

What does the superior orbital fissure provide communication between?

Orbital cavity and middle cranial fossa Signup and view all the answers

What does the superior orbital fissure pass above the circular tendon?

Lacrimal nerve, Frontal nerve, Trochlear nerve, and Superior Ophthalmic vein Signup and view all the answers

What passes through the optic canal and the tendinous ring?

Optic nerve and Ophthalmic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms an arterial network within the choroidal stroma to nourish the outer layers of the retina?

Short ciliary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the formation of tear film layers, each with specific functions and compositions?

Meibomian and Zeis glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate ocular perfusion pressure?

50mmHg Diastolic BP - IOP Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the superior/inferior rectus, levator palpebrae, and inferior oblique muscles?

Oculomotor nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which glands contribute to the formation of tear film layers?

Meibomian and Zeis glands Signup and view all the answers

Which system includes valves like Rosenmuller, Krause, Hyrtl, and Tallefer, and Hasner?

Nasolacrimal system Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue serves protective and supportive roles in the orbit?

Periorbita Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles contribute to eyelid movement, drainage, and tear application?

Muscles of Riolan and Horner Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is divided into orbital and palpebral portions, each with specific anatomical locations and functions?

Lacrimal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which structure atrophies during the 4th month while zonular fibers stretch from ciliary region to lens capsule?

Hyaloid system vessels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Overview

During the 4th month, the hyaloid system vessels atrophy while zonular fibers stretch from ciliary region to lens capsule.
Short ciliary arteries form an arterial network within the choroidal stroma, nourishing the outer layers of the retina.
Ocular perfusion pressure is approximately 50mmHg Diastolic BP - IOP, and low perfusion pressure increases the risk of nerve damage.
Oculomotor nerve innervates superior/inferior rectus, levator palpebrae, and inferior oblique muscles.
Orbital and palpebral portions of orbicularis oculi, superior levator palpebrae, and muscle of Muller retract and close eyelids.
Tear film consists of lipid, aqueous, and mucous layers, each with specific functions and compositions.
Tear film layers are formed by Meibomian and Zeis glands, main and accessory lacrimal glands, and conjunctival goblet cells.
Nasolacrimal system includes valves like Rosenmuller, Krause, Hyrtl and Tallefer, and Hasner.
Lacrimal gland is divided into orbital and palpebral portions, with specific anatomical locations and functions.
Connective tissues of the orbit, such as periorbita, orbital septum, Tenon’s capsule, and suspensory ligament of Lockwood, serve protective and supportive roles.
Oculomotor nerve originates from Edwinger-Westphal nucleus for ciliary region and oculomotor nucleus for eye muscles.
Muscles of Riolan and Horner contribute to eyelid movement, drainage, and tear application.

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