Autonomic-Behavioral Dissociation Impact
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes autonomic-behavioral dissociation?

  • Increased attention to threatening stimuli.
  • High anxiety with low defensiveness.
  • Low self-reported anxiety with high physiological arousal. (correct)
  • High emotional expression and low physiological arousal.

    • Which of the following is a potential impact of repressive coping on cardiovascular health?

  • Reduced risk of hypertension.
  • Better adherence to treatment regimens.
  • Increased risk of coronary heart disease. (correct)
  • Improved outcomes after myocardial infarction.

    • What is a common misconception regarding repressors and pain perception?

  • Repressors show higher physiological arousal despite reporting less pain. (correct)
  • Repressors experience lower physiological arousal during pain.
  • Repressors are more sensitive to pain stimuli.
  • Repressors report more pain than they experience.

    • How might repressive coping affect cancer diagnosis?

    <p>Minimizes symptoms, potentially delaying diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested impact of repressive coping on immune function?

    <p>Repressors have altered immune responses and may be more susceptible to diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor did the Elkins study identify as an additional risk for alcohol and drug dependence?

    <p>Gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was suggested as a critical period for identifying at-risk individuals for addiction?

    <p>Late adolescence (17-18 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain area is primarily affected by chronic substance abuse, according to the research?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of addiction-related changes in the prefrontal cortex?

    <p>Increased emotional regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation is noted regarding the studies evaluating personality and addiction risk?

    <p>They did not prove causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is generally associated with a shorter lifespan, but may also have some protective aspects?

    <p>Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personality trait is related to greater social support and positive emotions, potentially increasing longevity?

    <p>Extraversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait may lead to better social relationships and potentially contribute to longevity?

    <p>Agreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of personality traits is indicated to change over the lifespan and may influence longevity?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might cultural factors impact the relationship between personality and longevity?

    <p>They influence the context in which personality traits affect health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of personality assessment in the context of public health?

    <p>It identifies individuals at higher risk for shorter lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which future direction is emphasized for studying the relationship between personality traits and longevity?

    <p>Conducting diverse and global studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of addiction as defined in the DSM-5?

    <p>Involves compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personality trait increased in women developing alcohol dependence according to the 2007 study?

    <p>Impulsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant recovery-related change observed in the 2007 study for those who recovered from alcohol dependence?

    <p>Decreased irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between personality traits and alcohol use observed in the Quinn et al. (2011) study?

    <p>Personality traits can predict future alcohol use, and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one proposed implication of the findings related to neuroplasticity in addiction?

    <p>Repeated substance use can lead to changes in an individual's personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 2007 study, what predisposition was observed among women who developed alcohol dependence?

    <p>Increased tendency towards verbal aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect did the Quinn et al. study primarily focus on when assessing personality traits?

    <p>Sensation seeking and impulsivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider individual differences in treatment for addiction?

    <p>Personalized approaches can enhance treatment effectiveness due to varying personality changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key finding was noted at the follow-up of the Quinn et al. study regarding alcohol consumption?

    <p>Increased alcohol use predicted increases in sensation seeking and impulsivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant criticism of the categorical approach to personality disorder diagnosis?

    <p>It faces challenges due to high rates of comorbidity among disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a key feature of the categorical approach?

    <p>It relies on rigid diagnostic thresholds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many distinct personality disorders are recognized in the DSM-5?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption does the categorical approach make regarding personality disorders?

    <p>A person either has or does not have a particular personality disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized as 'dramatic, emotional, or erratic'?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does polythetic criteria imply in the diagnosis of personality disorders?

    <p>Not all criteria need to be satisfied for a diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is currently being tested as an alternative to the categorical model for personality disorder diagnosis?

    <p>Dimensional approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key features of the DSM-5's categorical approach to personality disorders?

    <p>A multi-axial system was used in previous versions of the DSM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic-Behavioral Dissociation

    • Characterized by a disconnect between physiological arousal and self-reported emotional state.
    • Individuals with this dissociation experience low self-reported anxiety but exhibit high defensiveness (measured by social desirability scales) and elevated physiological arousal during stressful tasks.
    • Attention bias away from threatening stimuli during experimental settings.

    Impact on Physical Health

    • Cardiovascular Health:
      • Increased risk for hypertension and coronary heart disease.
      • Poorer outcomes following cardiac events.
      • Potential mechanisms include chronic physiological arousal, delayed help-seeking, and poor adherence to treatment.
    • Cancer:
      • Mixed findings, but some evidence suggests poorer outcomes in cancer patients who are repressors.
      • May influence delayed diagnosis due to symptom minimization.
    • Immune Function:
      • Some studies indicate altered immune responses in individuals with this dissociation.
      • Potential for increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.
    • Pain Perception and Management:
      • Repressors often report less pain but demonstrate higher physiological arousal during painful stimuli.
      • May lead to undertreatment of pain conditions.

    Personality Traits and Longevity

    • Neuroticism: Generally associated with shorter lifespan, but certain aspects (e.g., worry leading to health-vigilance) might have a protective effect.
    • Extraversion: Mixed findings, but generally a positive association with longevity, possibly due to increased social support and positive emotions.
    • Openness to Experience: Some evidence suggests a positive association with longevity, potentially through cognitive engagement and adaptability.
    • Agreeableness: Less consistent findings, but might contribute to longevity through better social relationships and lower stress.

    Stability and Change in Personality Traits

    • Personality traits are relatively stable but can change over the lifespan.
    • Interventions aimed at increasing conscientiousness or reducing neuroticism could have implications for longevity.

    Cultural and Contextual Factors

    • The relationship between personality and longevity can vary across cultures and contexts.
    • It's important to consider socioeconomic factors, healthcare access, and cultural norms.

    Implications for Public Health and Clinical Practice

    • Personality assessment could be utilized to identify individuals at higher risk for shorter lifespan.
    • Tailored interventions based on personality profiles could be used to promote healthy behaviors.
    • Potential for personality-informed public health campaigns.

    Challenges and Future Directions

    • Need for more diverse, global studies on personality and longevity.
    • Exploration of potential interventions to modify personality traits associated with longevity.
    • Investigation of gene-environment interactions in the personality-longevity relationship.

    Types of Addiction

    • Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences.
    • It's considered a disorder of the brain reward system.
    • Two main categories of addiction:
      • Substance use disorders: Involving drugs and alcohol
      • Behavioral addictions: Involving activities like gambling, internet use, video games, shopping, etc.

    The Concept of "Addictive Personality"

    • The concept of an "addictive personality" is debated, but research suggests certain personality traits are associated with increased vulnerability to addiction.

    Personality Traits Associated with Addiction

    • Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, difficulty controlling urges.
    • Sensation Seeking: Enjoying new, exciting, and risky experiences.
    • Negative Emotionality: Prone to anger, anxiety, and depression.
    • Low Self-Esteem: Feeling inadequate and insecure.
    • Poor Coping Skills: Difficulty managing stress and negative emotions.

    Whether Personality Predicts Addiction

    • Studies have shown that certain personality traits, like impulsivity and sensation seeking, predict future addiction risk.

    Whether Addiction Can Change Personality

    • Addiction can cause significant changes in brain structure and function, particularly in the prefrontal cortex.
    • These changes can lead to personality shifts in areas related to impulsivity, emotional regulation, and self-control.
    • Studies suggest both the development of addiction and the recovery process can influence personality traits.

    Addiction's Impact on Personality

    • Increased Impulsivity: More likely to act without thinking.
    • Increased Stress Reactivity: Heightened response to stressors.
    • Decreased Self-Monitoring: Reduced ability to assess one's behavior.
    • Decreased Emotional Regulation: Trouble managing emotions.

    Categorical Approach to Personality Disorder Diagnosis

    • Distinct Categories: Views PDs as separate, qualitatively distinct clinical syndromes.
    • 10 Specific PDs: Recognizes 10 distinct personality disorders, grouped into three clusters:
      • Cluster A (odd or eccentric): Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal.
      • Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic): Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic.
      • Cluster C (anxious or fearful): Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive.
    • Diagnostic Criteria: Each PD has specific criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
    • Threshold-Based Diagnosis: A specific number of criteria must be met to receive a diagnosis.
    • Present/Absent Dichotomy: Assumes someone either has or doesn't have a particular PD.
    • Polythetic Criteria: Not all criteria need to be met for a diagnosis, allowing for heterogeneity within categories.
    • Multi-axial system: Previous versions of the DSM placed PDs on a separate axis (Axis II) from other mental disorders.

    Limitations of the Categorical Approach

    • High rates of comorbidity between different PDs.
    • Arbitrary diagnostic thresholds.
    • Heterogeneity within categories.
    • Limited empirical support for discrete categories.

    Dimensional Approach to Personality Disorder Diagnosis

    • Focuses on levels of personality functioning and specific maladaptive personality traits.
    • Aiming to address limitations of the categorical approach.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate relationship between autonomic-behavioral dissociation and its impact on physical health. This quiz covers topics including cardiovascular health, cancer outcomes, and immune function alterations. Understand how physiological arousal disconnects from emotional states may contribute to health risks.

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