Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

  • Central Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Somatic Nervous System (correct)
  • Peripheral Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for voluntary motor output.

    False (B)

    Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

    Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

    The autonomic nervous system mainly receives sensory input from __________.

    <p>interoceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each function with the appropriate component of the autonomic nervous system:

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System = Fight or flight response Parasympathetic Nervous System = Rest and digest response Interoceptors = Sensory input from internal organs Cerebral cortex = Limited control over autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of control does the autonomic nervous system provide?

    <p>Involuntary control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Motor neurons in the somatic nervous system can exert both excitatory and inhibitory effects on skeletal muscles.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory input does the somatic nervous system primarily rely on?

    <p>Somatic senses and special senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interoceptors?

    <p>Monitor internal conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for 'rest-and-digest' activities.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic and parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system consists of two motor neurons in series, known as the preganglionic neuron and the ______ neuron.

    <p>postganglionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the autonomic nervous system divisions with their primary functions:

    <p>Sympathetic = Fight-or-flight response Parasympathetic = Rest-and-digest activities Autonomic ganglion = Relay point between motor neurons Preganglionic neuron = Originates in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a role of autonomic motor neurons?

    <p>Regulate visceral activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autonomic responses can be consciously altered to a significant degree.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activities can be regulated through yoga and biofeedback techniques?

    <p>Autonomic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of neurons are present in each division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Two motor neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division are located in the thoracic and lumbar segments.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of parasympathetic flow goes through the vagus nerve?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division are located in the nuclei of cranial nerves ______.

    <p>III, VII, IX and X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Central ganglia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of ganglia with their descriptions.

    <p>Sympathetic trunk ganglia = Lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column Prevertebral ganglia = Lie anterior to the vertebral column Parasympathetic ganglia = Located in or near target organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic division is a faster response system than the parasympathetic system due to convergence.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons located in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>In an autonomic ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a component of the peripheral nervous system
    • It regulates involuntary functions, including heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure
    • The ANS is divided into two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic
    • The structure and function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are examined
    • The somatic and ANS are compared and contrasted
    • ANS neurotransmitters are examined
    • The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are compared and contrasted

    Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

    • The somatic nervous system includes sensory and motor neurons; responsible for voluntary movement
    • Sensory neurons are related to touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception; sight, hearing, taste, smell and equilibrium
    • Motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles; voluntary activity.
    • The autonomic nervous system receives input from various sensory receptors (tissues, blood vessels, organs, etc.) controls involuntary functions

    Anatomy of Autonomic Motor Pathways

    • The autonomic nervous system usually uses a two-neuron pathway:
    • Preganglionic neuron: cell body in central nervous system, axon goes to a ganglion
    • Postganglionic neuron: cell body in ganglion, axon extends to effector

    Divisions of the ANS

    • The sympathetic division (fight-or-flight): increases alertness and metabolism; preparing for emergencies
    • The parasympathetic division (rest-and-digest): slows down body activity; returns the body to normal after a stressful episode

    ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors

    • Cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine.
    • Cholinergic receptors include nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
    • Adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine, which has receptors called alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2

    Physiology of the ANS

    • Autonomic tone is the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity; regulated by the hypothalamus
    • Sympathetic stimulation leads to physiological changes like increased heart rate, and dilation of pupils.
    • Parasympathetic stimulation often has the opposite effects, examples include decreased heart rate.

    Integration and Control of Autonomic Functions

    • Functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and blood vessel diameter are controlled by autonomic reflexes occurring across the autonomic reflex arc
    • This arc includes components like receptors, sensory neurons, integrating centers, motor neurons, and effectors
    • A more in-depth understanding of this arc is presented in the next pages, including a diagram of this system and the interactions involved

    Stress Response

    • Stressors can activate the nervous system, leading to various physical and emotional changes

    The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis

    • The ANS plays crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis as it regulates various body functions and interacts with other body systems (digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.)
    • The ANS also regulates various body systems like the Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Endocrine, and more.
    • The ANS interacts with various other systems in the human body for complete homeostasis

    Raynaud Phenomenon

    • Excessive sympathetic stimulation of the arterioles in the digits cause vasoconstriction, leading to numbness and ischemia in the affected digits.

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    Related Documents

    Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: The Autonomic Nervous System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. This quiz covers their structure, function, differences, and the role of neurotransmitters. Dive into the world of involuntary and voluntary functions and understand how these systems interact.

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